Commentary: Finance Act 2024
The Finance Bill, 2024, presented in the National Assembly on June 12, 2024, and subsequently passed as the Finance Act, 2024, on June 28, 2024, introduces significant amendments to Pakistan’s…
Signing an MOU in Pakistan? Essential Insights You Need to Read First.
In Pakistan, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is a formal document that outlines the preliminary understanding and agreement between two or more parties, typically as a precursor to a binding…
A Legal Primer on Contract Law in Pakistan
Contract law in Pakistan is a foundational legal framework governing agreements between parties. It defines the creation, performance, enforcement, and remedies for breaches of contractual obligations.It is rooted in The…
Can you execute a Gift or Hiba through a Power of Attorney (PoA)?
The ability to execute a Gift or Hiba through a Power of Attorney (PoA) is a nuanced legal matter, subject to stringent rules and principles. For the benefit of our…
A Legal Primer on the Banking Companies (Recovery of Loans, Advances, Credits and Finances) Act, 1997
The Banking Companies (Recovery of Loans, Advances, Credits, and Finances) Act, 1997 is a legislative framework enacted in Pakistan to streamline the process of recovery for financial institutions, particularly banks.…
Your #1 Checklist for Sending Effective Legal Notices in Pakistan
A Legal Notice, as recognised under various judicial precedents and statutes, is a formal written communication sent by one party to another to assert legal claims, rights, or obligations before…
Let’s Talk About Rent Agreements in Pakistan
Rent agreements in Pakistan might seem like simple documents, but they hold a world of legal significance and potential drama. From oral arrangements whispered over tea to notarised documents with…
101 Guide on Bills of Lading in Pakistani Law
In Pakistan, the main legal framework governing Bills of Lading primarily revolves around contract law, maritime law, and relevant provisions of the Customs Act, 1969. Additionally, international conventions such as…
Legal Principles of Ship Arrest
Ship arrest is a procedural mechanism available under admiralty jurisdiction, allowing a claimant to detain a vessel to secure maritime claims. It is primarily governed in Pakistan by the Admiralty…
Maritime and National Shipping Laws of Pakistan
Maritime law, also known as admiralty law, (often referred to as Pakistan’s National Shipping Laws) governs the complex and multifaceted world of shipping, trade, and marine resource management. In Pakistan,…
A Strategic Guide for Litigants in NEPRA related Litigation
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) plays a central role in the regulation of Pakistan’s electricity sector. For litigants embroiled in disputes involving NEPRA, understanding the governing legal framework…
Appointment by Absorption in Civil Service
In the realm of public service and civil administration, appointments by absorption have sparked significant debate and scrutiny. At first glance, the concept seems straightforward—allowing a civil servant to transition…
Legal Grievances in Pakistan’s Downstream Oil and Gas Sector
The downstream oil and gas sector in Pakistan plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth supply and distribution of petroleum products, directly impacting industries, businesses, and consumers nationwide. Governed…
Investments as Entrustments : Civil v. Criminal Law
In Civil law there are types of investments that can legally be considered as entrustments. Entrustment, in a legal sense, typically arises when one party (the entrustor) places something of…
‘Legitimate Expectations’ in Pakistani Jurisprudence
The doctrine of legitimate expectations is a cornerstone of administrative law, embodying the principles of fairness, consistency, and good governance in public decision-making. Rooted in the concept of procedural and…
A Brief Primer on the Jurisdiction of the Federal Ombudsman
The Federal Ombudsman (Wafaqi Mohtasib) in Pakistan is an independent institution established to redress complaints of maladministration by federal government agencies. Its primary function is to provide a forum for…
Understanding Sham Transactions in Pakistani Jurisprudence
A sham transaction is defined as an act or arrangement entered into by parties that does not reflect their true intentions, often designed to deceive, defraud, or circumvent legal obligations.…
Justice Beyond Birth: Recognizing the Rights of the Unborn & Foetuses
The legal discourse surrounding crimes involving foetuses or unborn children presents a complex interplay of penal provisions, judicial interpretations, and societal values. Here is an analysis of the courts’ approaches…
A Primer on the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 2017 and Benami Transactions Rules, 2019: A Guide for Litigants
The term “Benami” derives from Persian, meaning “without name” or “anonymous.” In the legal context of Pakistan, a Benami transaction involves the purchase of property in the name of one…
Encroachments and Property Rights in Pakistani Law
The legal framework for addressing encroachments across different provinces in Pakistan involves various municipal, provincial, and national laws designed to regulate land use, protect public spaces, and enforce property rights.…
Vested Rights and Pakistani Law
Vested rights are those rights that have been accrued or become fixed, and they are not dependent on any future events or contingencies. In the context of Pakistani law, a…
The 101 on Resolving Passport Disputes in Pakistan
In Pakistan, passport-related disputes often arise from issues concerning identity verification, travel restrictions, alleged misuse of passports, fraudulent documentation, and administrative actions by government authorities. These disputes can vary from…
Know the difference between Errors and Mistakes in Civil Service Promotions
In the context of civil service, promotions are critical milestones that not only recognise the accomplishments and seniority of government employees but also define their career trajectories and entitlements. However,…
Strategic Legal Advice on the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1925
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925, represents a cornerstone of maritime law in Pakistan, incorporating the Hague Rules to govern the rights, obligations, and liabilities of carriers and…
Predatory Tactics of Foreign Companies and Sales Agents in Pakistan’s Real Estate Market: Your 101 Guide
With Pakistan’s real estate market expanding, foreign companies and their sales agents are increasingly targeting investors looking to purchase property in Pakistan. Unfortunately, many of these overseas entities employ predatory…
A Legal Primer on Cross-Examination in Civil Proceedings
Cross-examination is a procedural mechanism in legal trials where one party questions a witness presented by the opposing party. It is conducted after the examination-in-chief (the witness’s initial testimony). The…
A Legal Primer for Defendants & Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Property Transfer Cases
In property transfer cases in Pakistan, cross-examination plays a pivotal role in determining the credibility of claims and evidence. The burden of proof rests on the party asserting a fact,…
A Legal Primer for Defendants and Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Family Court Proceedings
Cross-examination in family court is a pivotal stage where evidence and credibility are tested. Whether you are a plaintiff or a defendant, understanding the rules, strategies, and techniques can significantly…
A Review of the Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) and the Electronic Fund Transfers Regulations (2008)
The Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) serves as the cornerstone for regulating payment systems and electronic fund transfers in Pakistan. Since its enactment, the State…
Legal Framework Governing Credit Card Disputes in Pakistan
The legal landscape surrounding credit card disputes in Pakistan is a complex interplay of statutory provisions, regulatory guidelines, and judicial precedents aimed at balancing the rights and responsibilities of cardholders,…
A Legal Primer on the Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016
The Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016, issued by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), aim to ensure the safety, resilience, and consumer confidence in payment systems. These regulations are…
Execution Orders in Civil Litigation: Attachment, Auction, and Objection Rights
In civil litigation, execution orders serve as powerful mechanisms to ensure that judgments are not merely symbolic but have real, enforceable consequences. Yet, with power comes complexity: questions of ownership,…
Double Taxation Treaties (DTTs) of Pakistan
Double taxation refers to the situation where the same income is taxed in two different jurisdictions. This typically occurs in international contexts, where a person or business earns income in…
Your 101 Guide to Ejectment and Eviction Petitions in Pakistan
The key differences between eviction and ejectment petitions, as discerned from the legal analysis and current Pakistani case law, lie in their underlying principles, procedures, and contexts in which they…
Starlink comes to Pakistan
Starlink’s operations in Pakistan face significant regulatory challenges despite the recent granting of a license by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). Although the license marks a step forward, several hurdles…
Cheques and Signatures
The legal treatment of cheques in Pakistan is a subject governed by various provisions under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. One of the central…
Enforceability of Iqrarnama in Pakistan and its Role in Family, Property, and Financial Disputes
Iqrarnama in the Pakistan legal system is a formal written document that serves as a binding declaration or agreement between two or more parties. It is used to document commitments,…
Is AI the new dot com bubble?
The comparison between the current AI boom and the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s is compelling, but it demands nuance. Both eras showcase surging valuations and a gold rush…
Speculations of Nuclear Testing by Iran
Recent developments regarding Iran’s nuclear activities have sparked intense speculation following a seismic event in Iran’s Semnan province on October 5, 2024. The tremor, recorded at 4.5 to 4.6 in…
Seniority in Civil Service Law
Seniority disputes in civil service are a common and critical issue, as the determination of seniority impacts promotions, postings, and other career advancements for government employees. The legal framework governing…
Factors to Consider When Contracting Insurance for War Zone Areas
Contracting insurance for operations in war zone areas requires meticulous attention to detail due to the unique risks involved. With evolving geopolitical tensions and the complexities of conflict environments, securing…
Liability of Platform Owners in the year 2024 (the case of Pavel Durov and Elon Musk)
The arrest of Pavel Durov, the founder and CEO of Telegram, in France raises significant legal challenges and potential implications for global technology platforms. The arrest stems from accusations related…
Evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Law (updated September 2024)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown from speculative theories to practical applications that now shape various industries, transcending its original academic interest. The trajectory of AI, from its conceptual roots to…
Imane Khelif Law Suits-Update
Imane Khelif, the Algerian Olympic gold medalist in boxing, has recently launched a lawsuit against J.K. Rowling and Elon Musk. The lawsuit, filed in Paris, accuses them of cyberbullying and…
Proposed Amendment to 489-F PPC
The proposed amendment, as introduced in the National Assembly of Pakistan, seeks to amend section 489F of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, and the corresponding provisions in the Code of…
Legal Update: New Directives on Social Media Use for Government Servants
On 2nd September 2024, the Establishment Division of Pakistan issued a comprehensive Office Memorandum concerning the use of social media platforms by government servants. These new directives reinforce the Government…
Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005
Introduction: Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005, is a crucial aspect of consumer rights law in Pakistan. It governs the responsibility of manufacturers, distributors, and sellers for any…
A Primer on Consumer Court Jurisdiction in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand that navigating consumer rights and understanding the jurisdiction of Consumer Courts in Pakistan can be challenging. This primer is designed to provide a…
Law on Attachment of Property in Pakistan
The law of attachment of property in Pakistan forms a critical component of the country’s legal system, playing a vital role in the enforcement of court judgments, decrees, and orders.…
Key Legal Takeaways on Subletting for Commercial and Individual Landlords and Tenants: Case Law Insights
Subletting occurs when a tenant, who has rented property from a landlord, transfers a portion or all of their tenancy rights to a third party, known as a subtenant, without…
Is Binance Legal in Pakistan?
As of 2024, the legal status of Binance in Pakistan remains a contentious issue, firmly rooted in the broader debate over cryptocurrency’s legality in the country. The State Bank of…
Can Online Banking Fraud Victims in Pakistan Recover Their Lost Funds?
With the increasing reliance on digital platforms for financial transactions, instances of online banking fraud have surged in Pakistan. This unfortunate rise in fraud cases has left many banking customers…
Contractors, Employees and Malafide Outsourcing (Civil Petitions No.525-K to 541-K/2023)
This recent judgement discusses (1) Concept of outsourcing of tasks through contractor & the Toll Manufacturing (2) Circumvention of labour laws to save money (3) ILO Conventions No.87, 98 &…
Appeal in the Starbucks Case dismissed (Civil Appeal No.1011 of 2024)
The legal battle between Starbucks Corporation, USA, and Options International (SMC-Pvt.) Limited, a case that recently culminated in a significant judgment from the Supreme Court of Pakistan, provides a compelling…
Oral Agreements in Land Disputes (Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022)
In the context of the legal principles governing oral agreements, the judgment in Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022 before the Supreme Court of Pakistan provides a comprehensive analysis of…
Case Comment (a) Whether simply passing a written examination and being invited for an interview establishes any legal right or legitimate expectation for the candidates regarding their selection or appointment. (b) Whether the outcome of an interview process can be legally challenged within the constitutional jurisdiction of the High Court (C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022)
Facts of the Case C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022 The petitioners, Waheed Gul Khan and Mumtaz Ali, applied for employment in the Food Department of the Government…
Monal Restaurant Case (Civil Petition No. 304 of 2022 etc.)
A Legal Perspective on the Supreme Court’s Judgment on Monal Restaurant: A Long-Overdue Enforcement of Environmental Law The recent Supreme Court judgment ordering the closure and demolition of Monal Restaurant…
Right to Appeal in Family Cases (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024)
The case “Syed Raheel Ahmed v. Mst. Syeda Zona Naqvi and others” (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024) is significant due to its implications on the interpretation and application of…
What is the Mubarik Sani Case?
The Mubarak Sani case in Pakistan has garnered significant attention due to its complex legal and religious implications. Mubarak Ahmad Sani was accused of offences under the Punjab Holy Quran…
Natasha Iqbal Karachi Accident Case (Legal Aspects)
Updates as of 21st of September 2024 The Natasha Iqbal case, stemming from the fatal road accident on Karachi’s Karsaz Road in August 2024, has seen several important updates recently.…
Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension (O.M. No. F.13(16)-Reg.6/2017-516)
This article has been written to help in understanding the Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension: Insights from Legal Precedents and the 2018 Circular.The…
Case law on Absence from Duty in Civil Service
We get a lot of queries from Civil Servants on Absence from Duty and it’s legal implications for their careers. In the realm of civil service, the duty to uphold…
Recent Case Law on Misconduct and Penalties in Civil Service of Pakistan (updated to 2024)
Over the last five years, the law on misconduct and penalties in civil service has evolved to emphasize procedural fairness, proportionality of penalties, and the need for detailed reasoning in…
8 Misconceptions About Pakistani Law on Self-Defence
The defence of self-defence is a legal principle that allows an individual to use reasonable force to protect themselves or others from imminent harm. This defence justifies actions taken to…
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Review of Recent Cases
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Case Law Perspective Corporate governance in Pakistan has undergone significant evolution, driven by regulatory reforms and judicial interpretations aimed at enhancing transparency,…
7 Common Misconceptions about Placing People on the Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan
The Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan is a critical instrument employed by the government to restrict the movement of individuals deemed to be a threat to national security or…
Recent Amendments to the Sindh Sales Tax on Services (2024)
On 30th June 2024, the Sindh Revenue Board issued Circular No. 05/2024, providing crucial amendments to the Sindh Sales Tax on Services (SST) rules. This circular introduces significant changes in…
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Legal Services for Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan-Discover #1 Unmatched Legal Expertise
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted partner for mergers and acquisitions in Pakistan. As a leading M&A law firm in Islamabad, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive legal…
How do the Companies Regulations 2024 enhance corporate governance and directors duties?
The Companies Regulations 2024 introduce several enhancements to corporate governance and directors’ duties, aiming to promote transparency, accountability, and effective management within companies. Key changes include: Structured Appointment Processes: The…
What changes do the Companies Regulation 2024 bring to the Companies Act 2017 and connected regulation?
The Companies Regulations 2024 introduce significant amendments and enhancements to the Companies Act 2017, aimed at modernising corporate governance, improving compliance, and facilitating ease of doing business in Pakistan. Key…
Comparison of Existing and New Forms under the Companies Regulations, 2024
Introduction The implementation of the LEAP (Leading Efficient and Accessible Processes) program marks a significant transition in the regulatory landscape for companies in Pakistan. This initiative includes the replacement of…
Constitutional Framework for the Rights of Minorities in Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan includes several provisions to protect the rights of minorities in the country. Key articles and principles relevant to the protection of minority rights are outlined below:…
Legal Issues in Sustainable Development in Pakistan
In Pakistan, sustainable development is impeded by a variety of legal and structural barriers that complicate the implementation and enforcement of policies aimed at achieving environmental sustainability. These barriers are…
Proforma Promotion in Pakistani Law
Proforma promotion, within the context of Pakistani law, pertains to a retrospective elevation in rank and salary for employees who were eligible for promotion but were overlooked due to administrative…
Current Legal Framework of Human Trafficking in Pakistan
Human trafficking remains a significant issue globally, with Pakistan being no exception. The legal framework governing human trafficking in Pakistan comprises various statutes and international obligations aimed at combating this…
Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy in the Constitution of Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan, adopted in 1973, lays a strong foundation for the protection of fundamental rights and outlines principles of policy to guide the governance of the country. This…
E-Signatures in Pakistan-Legal Framework
The legal framework for electronic signatures in Pakistan is primarily governed by the Electronic Transactions Ordinance, 2002 (ETO 2002). This ordinance provides the foundation for the recognition and enforcement of…
Law of Adoption in Pakistan: Legal Impediments and Landmark Cases
Introduction: The concept of adoption in Pakistan is deeply influenced by Islamic law, which places significant emphasis on lineage and family ties. As a result, the traditional Western notion of…
Smart Contracts and Crypto-Assets in Pakistan: Emerging Legal Issues
Overview: Smart contracts and crypto-assets have garnered significant attention in Pakistan, presenting both opportunities and legal challenges. These digital innovations require a thorough understanding of the legal framework to ensure…
Bonded labour in Pakistan
Bonded labour in Pakistan, particularly in the agriculture, brick kiln, and carpet industries, remains a critical issue despite legal frameworks aimed at its eradication. Legal Framework and Challenges: Pakistan has…
Property Rights in the Constitution of Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan guarantees the right to property to its citizens under several provisions. These provisions aim to protect the ownership and use of property while balancing the needs…
Stray Animal Welfare in Pakistan
The legal framework and recent developments regarding stray animal welfare in Pakistan highlight several significant issues and progressive steps. Historically, the primary legislation governing animal welfare in Pakistan is the…
Digitalization of the Pakistani Tax System
The digitalization of Pakistan’s tax system, spearheaded by the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), marks a significant transformation aimed at modernising the country’s tax infrastructure. This initiative is primarily facilitated…
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#1 Trusted Legal Advice on the Mental Health Legislation in Pakistan
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted legal partner for mental health legislation in Pakistan. Our firm is dedicated to providing expert legal advice and consultancy on mental health…
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Legal Advice on Operations and Maintenance Agreements in the Power Sector
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted source for expert legal advice on Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Agreements in the power sector. Our comprehensive services cover all aspects of…
Critical Issues Pakistan Faces in Addressing Climate Change
In recent years, the global community has witnessed the escalating impacts of climate change, with developing nations like Pakistan bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. As a country with…
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023)
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023) represents a significant stride towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation in Pakistan. This policy sets ambitious targets to…
Problems Facing INGOs and NGOs in Pakistan
The role of civil society organizations in fostering peace, human dignity, and equality is globally recognised and protected by the United Nations human rights framework. Modern democracies also uphold the…
The Doctrine of “Alternative Remedy” in Writ Jurisdiction under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
The doctrine of alternative remedy is crucial in the context of writ jurisdiction under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. This doctrine mandates that individuals must first…
The Perceived Failure of Tort Law in Pakistan
The perceived failure of tort law in Pakistan can be attributed to a myriad of factors, primarily stemming from historical, structural, and cultural influences that have stunted its development and…
A Comprehensive Guide to the Investment Climate of Pakistan 2023-2024
The investment climate in Pakistan presents a unique blend of opportunities and challenges, shaped by the country’s diverse economic landscape and evolving regulatory environment. As Pakistan seeks to attract foreign…
Factors Constraining Foreign Investment in Pakistan
The legal landscape for investments in Pakistan is shaped by a myriad of factors that contribute to a complex and often challenging environment for both domestic and foreign investors. The…
Comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022
This document presents a detailed comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022, focusing on their provisions,…
The Draft Electric Vehicle Policy 2020-2025
The DRAFT Electric Vehicle Policy 2020-2025, drafted by the Engineering Development Board of the Ministry of Industries and Production, Government of Pakistan, marks a pivotal step towards embracing sustainable transportation…
Legal Advice on IPR Infringement : Actions by the Police and the Customs in Pakistan for Enforcement
IPR Enforcement by the Police Key Legal Provisions and Procedures: Intellectual Property Laws in Force: Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan Act, 2012 Patents Ordinance, 2000 (amended in 2002 and 2006)…
Legal Advice on Tower Provider Licences by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA): An Updated Legal Overview
Tower Provider Licences in Pakistan are regulatory permits issued by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) to companies that establish, maintain, lease, rent, or sell telecommunication towers and related infrastructure. These…
Legal Advice on White Collar Crime in Pakistan
Introduction White-collar crime, a term first coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland, encompasses non-violent crimes committed by individuals in positions of trust and responsibility, typically involving financial deception. Pakistan, like many…
Legal Advice on Corporate Governance Landscape in Pakistan For Non-Listed Companies (NLCs)
In the dynamic business environment of Pakistan, corporate governance remains a critical aspect that determines the sustainability and success of companies. The landscape of corporate governance is continuously evolving, with…
Commentary: Nadra Ordinance 2000 (updated)
The provisions elucidated in the Nadra Ordinance 2000 meticulously delineate the framework for the registration of citizens, issuance of identity cards, and the requisite information to be furnished to the…
Legal Advice Involving Custody and Divorce with Overseas Pakistanis
The intricacies of family law become particularly pronounced when custody and divorce disputes involve foreign or overseas Pakistani parents. These cases often present unique challenges due to the interplay of…
Legal Advice on the Consequences of Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion in Pakistan
The taxation landscape in Pakistan is governed by a complex framework of laws and regulations aimed at ensuring compliance and fairness in the tax system. The Income Tax Ordinance, 2001,…
Legal Advice on Tax Liabilities in Pakistan: Bankruptcy, Winding Up, and Discontinuance of Business
In the complex landscape of taxation in Pakistan, the management and resolution of tax liabilities during events such as bankruptcy, winding up, and discontinuance of business are critical considerations for…
Legal Advice on Tax treatment of income from various sectors such as Oil, Gas, Petroleum (including both Upstream and Downstream Petroleum), Mining, Energy, and Alternative Energy in Pakistan
The tax treatment of income from various sectors such as Oil, Gas, Petroleum (including both Upstream and Downstream Petroleum), Mining, Energy, and Alternative Energy is governed by specific provisions within…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan
This Q & A is for Client Information purposes only.If you need specific advice on ‘Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan’ please email us at [email protected] Q1: What is…
Investor’s Guide to the Oil & Gas Sector of Pakistan (2023-2024)
Pakistan’s upstream oil and gas sector is governed by a complex regulatory framework designed to attract both local and foreign investment. This sector plays a crucial role in the country’s…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Companies in Pakistan
Introduction to Taxation of Companies in Pakistan: Q&A Compilation The taxation of companies in Pakistan is governed by a comprehensive legal framework outlined in the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. This…
Legal Advice on Income Tax Ordinance 2001 treatment of taxation on IT, income from online forums, and freelancing in Pakistan (updated 2024)
In recent years, the digital economy has seen exponential growth, with a significant number of individuals and businesses engaging in IT services, online forums, and freelancing activities. This shift towards…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Non Residents in Pakistan Under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001
In the complex landscape of international taxation, understanding the intricacies of how foreign source income and the income of non-residents are taxed in Pakistan is crucial for individuals and entities…
Legal Services In Pakistan – Taxes You Need To Be Aware Of In Pakistan
Josh and Mak International is available to assist individuals and businesses with a wide range of issues, from compliance matters to civil service laws. The list is well and truly…
Model Supplemental Agreement to Petroleum Concession Agreement for Adoption of S.R.O. 641(I)/2023
The Model Supplemental Agreement to the Petroleum Concession Agreement (PCA) for the adoption of S.R.O. 641(I)/2023 represents a critical legal instrument in the energy sector of Pakistan. This agreement aims…
Legal Advice on Structuring Startups in Pakistan
Introduction The term “Startup” refers to a new business venture where entrepreneurs and companies combine their skills, ideas, and financial resources to generate new business activity with higher returns. Startups…
What is the fifth schedule? (Section 100 Income Tax Ordinance)
The Fifth Schedule pertains to the rules and regulations for the computation of profits and gains from the exploration and production of petroleum, as well as the exploration and extraction…
Understanding the Block Award Process for Petroleum Rights
As part of our ongoing commitment to provide transparent and comprehensive legal advice, we are pleased to present an in-depth look at the Block Award Process for the grant of…
Legal Advice for Oil and Gas Companies Considering Entry into Pakistan
If you have any queries please contact us at [email protected] Q: What is the legal basis for the registration of petroleum rights documents in Pakistan? A: The legal basis for…
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Addressing Tree Cutting in Pakistan (Environmental Law)
The Vital Role of Trees and Relevant Laws in Punjab, Pakistan The Importance of Trees in Combatting Environmental Pollution Trees are crucial in mitigating environmental pollution, providing numerous benefits such…
SSGCL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Commercial Use
Introduction At Josh and Mak International, we provide expert legal assistance in understanding and navigating contractual agreements, particularly within the energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the…
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Review of Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPA) for Jet Fuel Aviation Kerosene
Josh and Mak International is a premier law firm based in Islamabad, Pakistan, renowned for its expertise in drafting, reviewing, and negotiating complex commercial agreements, including Sales and Purchase Agreements…
The Balochistan Mineral Rules 2002 (Q & A)
The Balochistan Mineral Rules 2002 serve as a comprehensive legal framework governing mineral exploration, mining operations, and the management of mineral resources in the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. These rules…
Standard PPIB Tripartite Power Purchase Agreements
This agreement under discussion is a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) standradised by the PPIB involving three primary parties: the Central Power Purchasing Agency (Guarantee) Limited (acting on behalf of the…
Legal Advice on Small Hydropower Implementation and Energy Purchase Agreements in Pakistan
The cornerstones of good Energy Purchase Agreements (EPAs) and Implementation Agreements (IAs) for small hydropower projects are essential to ensure the successful development, operation, and maintenance of such projects. These…
Legal Advice on Oil and Gas Power Purchase And Implementation Agreements in Pakistan
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and an Implementation Agreement (IA) serve distinct but complementary roles in the context of power generation projects. Here’s a detailed differentiation between the two: Power…
Comment: Framework Guidelines for Fast Track Solar PV Initiatives in Pakistan 2022
The Government of Pakistan, recognising the critical need for sustainable and affordable energy solutions, has established the Framework Guidelines for Fast Track Solar PV Initiatives 2022. These guidelines aim to…
Q & A on the Balochistan Mineral Policy 2019
Our team has recently compiled some Q & A’s on the Baluchistan Mineral Policy 2019.If you have queries contact us at [email protected] Q: What is the primary objective of the…
Legal Advice for Potential Mining Investors in Balochistan
This article provides a comprehensive guide for potential mining investors in Balochistan, highlighting the key stages of a mining project from initiation to completion, and the ancillary requirements essential for…
Mechanism for Determination of Tariff for Hydropower Projects in Pakistan (given by NEPRA)
The “Mechanism for Determination of Tariff for Hydropower Projects” issued by NEPRA outlines a structured approach to establishing tariffs for hydropower projects, ensuring a transparent, objective, and predictable process. The…
Legal Advice on the Guidelines for Setting Up Private Power Projects in Pakistan Under Short Term Capacity Addition Initiative
Introduction The Private Power and Infrastructure Board (PPIB) under the Ministry of Water & Power, Government of Pakistan, presents the Guidelines for Setting Up Private Power Projects under the Short…
Q&A on Pakistan’s Oil and Gas Development Plan (updated)
The strategic development of Pakistan’s oil and gas sector is critical for the nation’s energy security, economic growth, and sustainable development. The Oil and Gas Development Plan of Pakistan, as…
The Model Petroleum Exploration Licence of Pakistan (updated)
The Model Petroleum Exploration Licence in Pakistan, governed by the Pakistan Onshore Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Rules, 2013, provides a comprehensive legal framework for the exploration and exploitation of petroleum…
Comparison of the Model Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) 2003 with the Model Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) 2023.
The Model Production Sharing Agreements (PSA) of 2003 and 2023 are critical legal frameworks governing petroleum exploration and production in Pakistan. These agreements establish the terms and conditions under which…
Pakistan’s Coal and Hydel Potential
Pakistan’s Hydel Potential The hydel power potential of Pakistan is substantial and remains significantly untapped, despite the country’s abundance of water resources. Primarily located in the northern regions, the hydel…
Analysis of Pakistan’s Hydel Power Policy 1995
At Josh and Mak International, we strive to provide our clients with comprehensive and insightful legal analysis. This article aims to dissect the Hydel Power Policy of 1995, introduced by…
Analysis of Pakistan’s Transmission Line Policy 1995
The Transmission Line Policy of 1995 represents the Government of Pakistan’s (GOP) strategic initiative to address the escalating demands on the country’s electrical transmission infrastructure. This policy was formulated in…
Comparative Analysis of Pakistan’s Power Policies (1994, 1998, and 2002)
As a prominent law firm committed to providing insightful legal guidance, Josh and Mak International presents a detailed comparative analysis of Pakistan’s Power Policies of 1994, 1998, and 2002. This…
Renewable Energy Policy for Development of Power Generation 2006
The Renewable Energy (RE) Policy for Development of Power Generation 2006 represents a significant milestone in Pakistan’s efforts to enhance its power generation capacity through renewable energy sources. This policy,…
Comment: Pakistan’s National Policy for Power Co-Generation by Sugar Industry 2008
The National Policy for Power Co-Generation by Sugar Industry (the Co-Gen Policy), notified in January 2008, aims to harness the potential of Pakistan’s sugar industry to contribute to the national…
Comment: Pakistan’s National Power Policy 2013
The National Power Policy 2013, developed by Pakistan’s Ministry of Water and Power, aims to address the country’s acute energy crisis and lay the foundation for a sustainable, efficient, and…
Comment: Pakistan’s Power Generation Policy 2015
Pakistan’s Power Generation Policy 2015, notified on April 3, 2015, aims to address the country’s acute energy shortages and ensure a reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity supply. This policy was…
Comment: Alternative & Renewable Energy Policy 2019 (Pakistan)
The Alternative & Renewable Energy (ARE) Policy 2019 of Pakistan, notified on October 2, 2020, aims to foster the development and integration of alternative and renewable energy technologies (ARETs) into…
Comment: National Electricity Policy 2021
The National Electricity Policy 2021 (NEP 2021) of Pakistan is a comprehensive framework designed to address the critical challenges faced by the country’s power sector. This policy aims to ensure…
Comment: NEPRA Tariff Petitions from 2021
(1) Application of Shahtaj Sugar Mills Limited for Review of Generation Tariff dated January 02, 2017 Notified Vide SRO No. 453(I)/2017 dated June 07, 2017 before NEPRA in respect of…
Legal Framework for Dishonest Abstraction, Consumption, or Use of Energy in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we prioritise our clients’ awareness and understanding of the legal frameworks governing various aspects of energy consumption. This article delves into the intricacies of dishonest…
Regulatory Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Pakistan
In response to the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Pakistan, the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has established a comprehensive regulatory framework to facilitate the deployment and…
Critique of the Registration (Manner and Conditions for Entities Providing Electric Power Services) Rules, 2023
The Registration (Manner and Conditions for Entities Providing Electric Power Services) Rules, 2023, promulgated by the Government of Pakistan under the Ministry of Energy (Power Division), outline the procedural and…
NEPRA Eligibility Criteria Rules for Various Licenses in 2023
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has established various sets of rules for the eligibility criteria of different licenses in the electric power sector. These rules encompass the distribution,…
NEPRA (Market Operator Registration, Standards and Procedure) Rules, 2015 and their Amendments
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) (Market Operator Registration, Standards and Procedure) Rules, 2015, along with their subsequent amendments, establish the framework for the registration and regulation of market…
NEPRA’s Complaint Handling and Dispute Resolution (Procedure) Rules, 2015
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) established the Complaint Handling and Dispute Resolution (Procedure) Rules, 2015, to provide a structured process for addressing complaints and resolving disputes within the…
NEPRA Performance Standards Rules for Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has established specific performance standards for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power in Pakistan. These standards are designed to ensure the…
NEPRA (Fines) Rules, 2002 and their Amendments
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) (Fines) Rules, 2002, establish a framework for imposing fines on entities that violate the provisions of the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution…
NEPRA Licensing Rules for Generation and Distribution
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has established distinct sets of rules for licensing generation and distribution of electric power in Pakistan: the NEPRA Licensing (Generation) Rules, 2000 and…
NEPRA (Tariff Standards and Procedure) Rules, 1998 and its Amendments
The NEPRA (Tariff Standards and Procedure) Rules, 1998, are crucial regulations governing the determination, modification, and enforcement of tariffs in the electric power sector of Pakistan. These rules, issued under…
Regulation of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 (NEPRA)
The Regulation of Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 (hereinafter referred to as the “NEPRA Act”), is a pivotal legislative instrument aimed at governing the generation, transmission,…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a CNG Licence in Pakistan
The regulation of the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) sector in Pakistan is overseen by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, and the CNG (Production…
Legal Advice on Licensing for Natural Gas and Related Activities in Pakistan
The regulation of natural gas and related activities in Pakistan falls under the jurisdiction of the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA), established under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002. This regulatory…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a Licence for an LNG Terminal
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) is the primary body responsible for regulating the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) sector in Pakistan. The regulation is conducted under the OGRA Ordinance,…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a Licence for LPG Auto Refueling Stations in Pakistan
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) regulates the LPG sector under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, and the LPG (Production & Distribution) Rules, 2001. Since its inception on 15th March…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a Licence for LPG Storage and Filling Plants Facilities in Pakistan
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) is the primary body responsible for regulating the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) sector in Pakistan. Established under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, and the…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a Licence for Production/Extraction and LPG Air-Mix Facilities in Pakistan
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) plays a pivotal role in regulating the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) sector in Pakistan, under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, and the LPG (Production…
Legal Advice on Licensing in the LPG/LNG Sector of Pakistan
Introduction The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) is the principal regulatory body overseeing the LPG and LNG sectors in Pakistan. Established under the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, OGRA has been…
Legal Advice on Grant of Licence for Regulated Activities Pertaining to Natural Gas, RLNG, Flared Gases, LNG, LPG and CNG
Q1: What types of licences can be applied for regulated activities related to Natural Gas, RLNG, Flared Gas, and LNG? A: Licences for these regulated activities are specified in Schedule-I…
Legal Advice on Licence to Establish or Operate an Oil Testing Facility
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the complexities and stringent requirements involved in obtaining licences in the oil sector. This article provides a detailed guide on how to obtain…
Legal Advice on Obtaining a Licence for a Lubricants Marketing Company
(a) Licence for a New Lubricants Marketing Company Obtaining a licence for establishing a new Lubricants Marketing Company (LMC) in Pakistan involves several critical steps and compliance with regulatory requirements.…
Legal advice on Licensing of Oil Storage Facilities in Pakistan
(A) Licence for Construction or Operation of New Oil Storage Introduction Establishing a new oil storage facility in Pakistan involves a comprehensive application process governed by the Oil and Gas…
Legal Advice on Oil Licences for Pipelines in Pakistan
(A) Licence for Construction and Operation of New Oil Pipeline Introduction Establishing a new oil pipeline in Pakistan involves adhering to the guidelines set forth by the Oil and Gas…
Legal Advice on Oil Licences for Refineries in Pakistan (Construction and Operation)
(a) Licence for Construction and Operation of a New Oil Refinery Obtaining a licence for the construction and operation of a new oil refinery in Pakistan involves several steps and…
Legal Advice on Establishing an Oil Marketing Company in Pakistan
Licensing a New Oil Marketing Company Establishing a new Oil Marketing Company (OMC) in Pakistan involves a comprehensive process governed by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA). This article…
Legal Advice on Licensing and Regulation of the Mid and Downstream Oil Sector by OGRA
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) of Pakistan is tasked with the regulation of the mid and downstream oil sector. This regulatory oversight extends to a wide range of…
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mineral Development Policy 2022
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Mineral Development Policy 2022 is a comprehensive framework aimed at fostering sustainable and inclusive growth in the mineral sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This policy outlines strategic…
Overview of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mining Rules, 2017
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Mining Rules, 2017, were established under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Minerals Sector Governance Act, 2016. These rules provide a comprehensive framework for the governance of mineral resources…
Comment: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Royalty Auction Rules, 2017
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Royalty Auction Rules, 2017 (the “Rules”), were established by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to regulate the auction process for the collection of royalties on minerals. These…
Comment: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Minerals and Minor Minerals (Temporary Permit) Rules, 2020
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Minerals and Minor Minerals (Temporary Permit) Rules, 2020 (the “Rules”), were notified by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to regulate the temporary usage of minerals and minor…
A review of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the Usage of Explosives in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has introduced comprehensive Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in 2023 for the usage of explosives within the province. These SOPs aim to ensure the safe and…
Comment :The Consolidated Mines Rules, 2022
The Consolidated Mines Rules, 2022, promulgated by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, serve as a comprehensive regulatory framework governing the operation, safety, and management of coal and metalliferous mines within…
Understanding the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines Safety, Inspection and Regulation Act, 2019
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines Safety, Inspection and Regulation Act, 2019 (the “Act”) represents a significant legislative effort to enhance the safety, health, and regulatory compliance within the mining industry of…
Comment: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Metalliferous Mines Rules, 2022
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Metalliferous Mines Rules, 2022 (the “Rules”) are a comprehensive set of regulations intended to govern the metalliferous mining activities in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. While the Rules…
Comment: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines Rescue & Training Rules, 2022
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines Rescue & Training Rules, 2022, have been established by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under the authority of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mines Safety, Inspection and Regulation…
Comment: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mining of Minor Minerals from River Bed Rules, 2022
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mining of Minor Minerals from River Bed Rules, 2022, establish a comprehensive framework for the mining of minor minerals from river beds, nullahs, streams, and abandoned streams…
Understanding the KPK Mining Concession Rules 2005
Hydrocarbon and Mining Opportunities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), a province in the northwest of Pakistan, is endowed with significant natural resources, making it a promising region for…
Understanding the Punjab Mining Concession Rules 2002
The Punjab Mining Concession Rules 2002 (“Rules”), as amended up to January 2023, are a comprehensive legal framework governing the exploration, extraction, and management of mineral resources within the Punjab…
Mineral Resources in Punjab (Pakistan) – Exploration and Utilization
Punjab is endowed with a rich variety of mineral resources that contribute significantly to the industrial and construction sectors. This article provides an overview of key minerals found in Punjab,…
Legal Advice on the Procedure for Grant of Mining Concessions (Punjab)
Mining Concessions under Large Scale Mining Overview Mining concessions for large scale mining undertakings in Pakistan are governed by a comprehensive set of regulations that ensure the orderly, safe, and…
Comparison of the Model Petroleum Concession Agreement (1994) with the subsequent PCAs
The Model Petroleum Concession Agreement (PCA) of 1994 is a foundational document in Pakistan’s oil and gas sector, providing a framework for the exploration, development, and production of petroleum resources.…
Tight Gas (Exploration & Production) Policy, 2011 (and Comparison with the 2024 Tight Gas Policy)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Tight Gas (Exploration & Production)…
Low BTU Gas Pricing Policy, 2012 (Pakistan)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Low BTU Gas Pricing Policy,…
Flare Gas Utilization Guidelines, 2016 (Pakistan)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Flare Gas Utilization Guidelines, 2016,”…
Marginal/Stranded Gas Fields – Gas Pricing Criteria and Guidelines, 2013
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Marginal/Stranded Gas Fields – Gas…
Natural Gas Regulated Third Party Access (TPA) Rules, 2012
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Natural Gas Regulated Third Party…
Technical Standards for Road Transport Vehicles, Containers, and Equipment Used for the Transportation of Petroleum Products (OGRA)
At Josh and Mak International, we strive to provide detailed legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the “Technical Standards for…
Technical Standards for Oil Refineries (OGRA)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Technical Standards for Oil Refineries,”…
Technical Standards for Petroleum Industry (Retail Outlets)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed overview of the “Technical Standards for Petroleum Industry…
Oil Transportation (Pipeline) Technical Standards (OGRA)
At Josh and Mak International, we provide detailed legal guidance on regulatory frameworks within the energy sector. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the “Oil Transportation (Pipeline) Technical Standards,”…
(OGRA) Technical Standards for Depots for the Storage of Petroleum Products
At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing detailed legal guidance on regulatory and technical standards within the energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the…
Legal Comment on Standard Technical Specifications for Equipment and Materials
Standard Technical Specifications for Equipment and Materials At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing detailed legal guidance on regulatory and technical standards within the energy sector. This…
Natural Gas Distribution Technical Standards Regulations, 2004
At Josh and Mak International, we strive to provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory standards within the energy sector. This article offers an in-depth overview of the Natural Gas Distribution…
(OGRA) Performance and Service Standards Regulations, 2019
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal guidance on regulatory standards within the energy sector. This article offers an in-depth overview of the Performance and Service Standards Regulations,…
Natural Gas Measurement Technical Standards Regulations, 2019
At Josh and Mak International, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive legal advice on regulatory standards within the energy sector. This article provides an in-depth overview of the Natural Gas…
Pakistan Gas Network Code 2024
At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing detailed legal guidance on regulatory and technical standards for the energy sector. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the…
Technical Standards for LPG Industry as per Appendix-I of LPG Rules, 2001
At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing detailed legal guidance on regulatory and technical standards for various industries. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the technical…
Technical Codes and Standards for LNG Related Projects in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we pride ourselves on providing thorough and detailed legal advice on regulatory and technical compliance for energy projects. This article provides an exhaustive overview of…
SNGPL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Domestic Use
At Josh and Mak International, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive legal guidance on various contractual agreements within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed analysis of the contract…
SNGPL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Commercial Use
At Josh and Mak International, we specialise in providing legal guidance on contractual agreements within the energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the contract for the supply…
SNGPL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Industrial Use
At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing our clients with in-depth legal insights and guidance on various contractual agreements within the energy sector. This article provides a…
SSGCL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Domestic Use
At Josh and Mak International, we specialise in providing legal insights and support for various contractual agreements within the energy sector. This article offers a detailed analysis of the contract…
SSGCL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Commercial Use
At Josh and Mak International, we provide expert legal assistance in understanding and navigating contractual agreements, particularly within the energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the contract…
SSGCL Contract for the Supply of Gas for Industrial Use
Introduction At Josh and Mak International, we provide expert legal advice on various contractual agreements within the energy sector, including the supply of natural gas. This article details the contract…
OGRA Complaint Resolution Procedure Regulations, 2003
Introduction At Josh and Mak International, we provide expert legal advice and support in navigating regulatory frameworks, including those established by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA). The Complaint…
Natural Gas Wellhead Pricing Regulations and Amendments
Introduction At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal advice and support to clients in the oil and gas sector. This article aims to elucidate the Natural Gas (Wellhead…
Legal framework and contractual obligations for the supply of Regasified Liquefied Natural Gas (RLNG) to new housing societies and colonies
The above-mentioned framework is crucial for understanding the regulatory and operational procedures set by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) and the Ministry of Energy (Petroleum Division) of Pakistan.…
Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) Contract for the Supply of LPG Air Mix for Domestic Use
At Josh and Mak International, we aim to provide our clients with clear and comprehensive insights into critical legal documents and agreements. Here, we present an in-depth examination of the…
Comment: OGRA Procedure for Appeals Regulations, 2024
Introduction The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) has introduced the “Procedure for Appeals Regulations, 2024” to streamline the process for handling appeals within the regulatory framework established by the…
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Rules 2007
Overview The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) of Pakistan, under the auspices of the OGRA Ordinance, 2002, formulated the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Rules in 2007. These rules, codified…
LPG (Production and Distribution) Rules, 2001 and Subsequent Amendments
Introduction The Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Production and Distribution) Rules, 2001, initially formulated under the framework established by the Government of Pakistan, are pivotal for regulating the production, storage, transportation, and…
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) (Production and Marketing) Rules, 1992
Introduction The Government of Pakistan, through the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, promulgated the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) (Production and Marketing) Rules, 1992. These rules, notified on May 13,…
Comparison of the Pakistan Oil (Refining, Blending, Transportation, Storage and Marketing) Rules 2016 and Amendments 2018
At Josh and Mak International, we prioritise keeping our clients informed about the latest regulatory changes in the oil and gas sector. This article provides a detailed comparison of the…
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) Ordinance 2000 and Its Evolution Until 2024
Introduction The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) was established under the OGRA Ordinance of 2000, which aimed to create a regulatory framework for Pakistan’s oil and gas sector. The…
Pakistan’s LNG Policy 2011
Introduction The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Policy 2011 was crafted to address the acute gas shortages in Pakistan by facilitating LNG imports. Pakistan’s energy policy aims to ensure a sustainable,…
Tariff Regime for Regulated Natural Gas Sector in Pakistan by Josh and Mak International
OGRA’s document titled “Tariff Regime for Regulated Natural Gas Sector in Pakistan” provides comprehensive guidelines and methodologies established by the Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) for determining and regulating…
Comparison of LPG Production and Distribution Policies (2006, 2011, 2016)
Introduction Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is an environment-friendly mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily propane and butane, which is used extensively as a fuel. Over the years, the Government of Pakistan has…
Comment: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Production & Distribution) Policy, 2016
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily propane and butane, which is colourless and odourless in its natural state. To facilitate leak detection, ethyl mercaptan, a pungent-smelling…
Neutral Market Price under OGRA Gas (Third Party Access) Rules, 2018 & Pakistan Gas Network Code
Background The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) of Pakistan, through its Gas (Third Party Access) Rules, 2018 (TPA Rules, 2018) and the Pakistan Gas Network Code (Code), has established…
Comment: OGRA Licensing Rules, 2002
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) Licensing Rules, 2002, established a comprehensive framework for the regulation of the natural gas sector in Pakistan. These rules were formulated under the…
Comment: Petroleum Act, 1934
Introduction The Petroleum Act, 1934 is a foundational legislative document in Pakistan, designed to regulate the import, transport, storage, production, refining, and blending of petroleum and other inflammable substances. Enacted…
Comment: Petroleum Products (Development Surcharge) Rules, 1967
Introduction The Petroleum Products (Development Surcharge) Rules, 1967, were established by the Government of Pakistan to regulate the development surcharge on petroleum products. These rules were notified in the Gazette…
Pakistan’s Petroleum Products (Development Surcharge) Rules, 1967
Introduction The Petroleum Products (Development Surcharge) Rules, 1967, govern the imposition and collection of development surcharges on petroleum products in Pakistan. These rules, established under the Petroleum Products (Development Surcharge)…
Pakistan’s Mineral Policy (2013)
In Pakistan, mining activities are primarily conducted by small-scale operations such as sole proprietorships, partnerships, and some private limited companies. Medium and large-scale mining activities are undertaken by private limited…
Legal Advice on Taxes and Levies Applicable to the Mineral /Mining Sector
At Josh and Mak International, we specialize in providing legal advice on taxation matters in the power, mining, and energy sectors. Our expert team regularly assists companies operating in these…
Pakistan’s Mineral Law Regime / Legal Framework by Josh and Mak International
Pakistan’s mineral resources are abundant and varied, making the mining sector a significant contributor to the national economy. The regulatory framework governing this sector has evolved over time, aiming to…
