Commentary: Finance Act 2024
The Finance Bill, 2024, presented in the National Assembly on June 12, 2024, and subsequently passed as the Finance Act, 2024, on June 28, 2024, introduces significant amendments to Pakistan’s…
Signing an MOU in Pakistan? Essential Insights You Need to Read First.
In Pakistan, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is a formal document that outlines the preliminary understanding and agreement between two or more parties, typically as a precursor to a binding…
A Legal Primer on Contract Law in Pakistan
Contract law in Pakistan is a foundational legal framework governing agreements between parties. It defines the creation, performance, enforcement, and remedies for breaches of contractual obligations.It is rooted in The…
Can you execute a Gift or Hiba through a Power of Attorney (PoA)?
The ability to execute a Gift or Hiba through a Power of Attorney (PoA) is a nuanced legal matter, subject to stringent rules and principles. For the benefit of our…
A Legal Primer on the Banking Companies (Recovery of Loans, Advances, Credits and Finances) Act, 1997
The Banking Companies (Recovery of Loans, Advances, Credits, and Finances) Act, 1997 is a legislative framework enacted in Pakistan to streamline the process of recovery for financial institutions, particularly banks.…
Your #1 Checklist for Sending Effective Legal Notices in Pakistan
A Legal Notice, as recognised under various judicial precedents and statutes, is a formal written communication sent by one party to another to assert legal claims, rights, or obligations before…
Let’s Talk About Rent Agreements in Pakistan
Rent agreements in Pakistan might seem like simple documents, but they hold a world of legal significance and potential drama. From oral arrangements whispered over tea to notarised documents with…
101 Guide on Bills of Lading in Pakistani Law
In Pakistan, the main legal framework governing Bills of Lading primarily revolves around contract law, maritime law, and relevant provisions of the Customs Act, 1969. Additionally, international conventions such as…
Legal Principles of Ship Arrest
Ship arrest is a procedural mechanism available under admiralty jurisdiction, allowing a claimant to detain a vessel to secure maritime claims. It is primarily governed in Pakistan by the Admiralty…
Maritime and National Shipping Laws of Pakistan
Maritime law, also known as admiralty law, (often referred to as Pakistan’s National Shipping Laws) governs the complex and multifaceted world of shipping, trade, and marine resource management. In Pakistan,…
A Strategic Guide for Litigants in NEPRA related Litigation
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) plays a central role in the regulation of Pakistan’s electricity sector. For litigants embroiled in disputes involving NEPRA, understanding the governing legal framework…
Appointment by Absorption in Civil Service
In the realm of public service and civil administration, appointments by absorption have sparked significant debate and scrutiny. At first glance, the concept seems straightforward—allowing a civil servant to transition…
Legal Grievances in Pakistan’s Downstream Oil and Gas Sector
The downstream oil and gas sector in Pakistan plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth supply and distribution of petroleum products, directly impacting industries, businesses, and consumers nationwide. Governed…
Investments as Entrustments : Civil v. Criminal Law
In Civil law there are types of investments that can legally be considered as entrustments. Entrustment, in a legal sense, typically arises when one party (the entrustor) places something of…
‘Legitimate Expectations’ in Pakistani Jurisprudence
The doctrine of legitimate expectations is a cornerstone of administrative law, embodying the principles of fairness, consistency, and good governance in public decision-making. Rooted in the concept of procedural and…
A Brief Primer on the Jurisdiction of the Federal Ombudsman
The Federal Ombudsman (Wafaqi Mohtasib) in Pakistan is an independent institution established to redress complaints of maladministration by federal government agencies. Its primary function is to provide a forum for…
Understanding Sham Transactions in Pakistani Jurisprudence
A sham transaction is defined as an act or arrangement entered into by parties that does not reflect their true intentions, often designed to deceive, defraud, or circumvent legal obligations.…
Justice Beyond Birth: Recognizing the Rights of the Unborn & Foetuses
The legal discourse surrounding crimes involving foetuses or unborn children presents a complex interplay of penal provisions, judicial interpretations, and societal values. Here is an analysis of the courts’ approaches…
A Primer on the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 2017 and Benami Transactions Rules, 2019: A Guide for Litigants
The term “Benami” derives from Persian, meaning “without name” or “anonymous.” In the legal context of Pakistan, a Benami transaction involves the purchase of property in the name of one…
Encroachments and Property Rights in Pakistani Law
The legal framework for addressing encroachments across different provinces in Pakistan involves various municipal, provincial, and national laws designed to regulate land use, protect public spaces, and enforce property rights.…
Vested Rights and Pakistani Law
Vested rights are those rights that have been accrued or become fixed, and they are not dependent on any future events or contingencies. In the context of Pakistani law, a…
The 101 on Resolving Passport Disputes in Pakistan
In Pakistan, passport-related disputes often arise from issues concerning identity verification, travel restrictions, alleged misuse of passports, fraudulent documentation, and administrative actions by government authorities. These disputes can vary from…
Know the difference between Errors and Mistakes in Civil Service Promotions
In the context of civil service, promotions are critical milestones that not only recognise the accomplishments and seniority of government employees but also define their career trajectories and entitlements. However,…
Strategic Legal Advice on the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1925
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925, represents a cornerstone of maritime law in Pakistan, incorporating the Hague Rules to govern the rights, obligations, and liabilities of carriers and…
Predatory Tactics of Foreign Companies and Sales Agents in Pakistan’s Real Estate Market: Your 101 Guide
With Pakistan’s real estate market expanding, foreign companies and their sales agents are increasingly targeting investors looking to purchase property in Pakistan. Unfortunately, many of these overseas entities employ predatory…
A Legal Primer on Cross-Examination in Civil Proceedings
Cross-examination is a procedural mechanism in legal trials where one party questions a witness presented by the opposing party. It is conducted after the examination-in-chief (the witness’s initial testimony). The…
A Legal Primer for Defendants & Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Property Transfer Cases
In property transfer cases in Pakistan, cross-examination plays a pivotal role in determining the credibility of claims and evidence. The burden of proof rests on the party asserting a fact,…
A Legal Primer for Defendants and Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Family Court Proceedings
Cross-examination in family court is a pivotal stage where evidence and credibility are tested. Whether you are a plaintiff or a defendant, understanding the rules, strategies, and techniques can significantly…
A Review of the Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) and the Electronic Fund Transfers Regulations (2008)
The Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) serves as the cornerstone for regulating payment systems and electronic fund transfers in Pakistan. Since its enactment, the State…
Legal Framework Governing Credit Card Disputes in Pakistan
The legal landscape surrounding credit card disputes in Pakistan is a complex interplay of statutory provisions, regulatory guidelines, and judicial precedents aimed at balancing the rights and responsibilities of cardholders,…
A Legal Primer on the Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016
The Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016, issued by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), aim to ensure the safety, resilience, and consumer confidence in payment systems. These regulations are…
Execution Orders in Civil Litigation: Attachment, Auction, and Objection Rights
In civil litigation, execution orders serve as powerful mechanisms to ensure that judgments are not merely symbolic but have real, enforceable consequences. Yet, with power comes complexity: questions of ownership,…
Double Taxation Treaties (DTTs) of Pakistan
Double taxation refers to the situation where the same income is taxed in two different jurisdictions. This typically occurs in international contexts, where a person or business earns income in…
Your 101 Guide to Ejectment and Eviction Petitions in Pakistan
The key differences between eviction and ejectment petitions, as discerned from the legal analysis and current Pakistani case law, lie in their underlying principles, procedures, and contexts in which they…
Starlink comes to Pakistan
Starlink’s operations in Pakistan face significant regulatory challenges despite the recent granting of a license by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). Although the license marks a step forward, several hurdles…
Cheques and Signatures
The legal treatment of cheques in Pakistan is a subject governed by various provisions under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. One of the central…
Enforceability of Iqrarnama in Pakistan and its Role in Family, Property, and Financial Disputes
Iqrarnama in the Pakistan legal system is a formal written document that serves as a binding declaration or agreement between two or more parties. It is used to document commitments,…
Seniority in Civil Service Law
Seniority disputes in civil service are a common and critical issue, as the determination of seniority impacts promotions, postings, and other career advancements for government employees. The legal framework governing…
Factors to Consider When Contracting Insurance for War Zone Areas
Contracting insurance for operations in war zone areas requires meticulous attention to detail due to the unique risks involved. With evolving geopolitical tensions and the complexities of conflict environments, securing…
Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005
Introduction: Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005, is a crucial aspect of consumer rights law in Pakistan. It governs the responsibility of manufacturers, distributors, and sellers for any…
A Primer on Consumer Court Jurisdiction in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand that navigating consumer rights and understanding the jurisdiction of Consumer Courts in Pakistan can be challenging. This primer is designed to provide a…
Law on Attachment of Property in Pakistan
The law of attachment of property in Pakistan forms a critical component of the country’s legal system, playing a vital role in the enforcement of court judgments, decrees, and orders.…
Key Legal Takeaways on Subletting for Commercial and Individual Landlords and Tenants: Case Law Insights
Subletting occurs when a tenant, who has rented property from a landlord, transfers a portion or all of their tenancy rights to a third party, known as a subtenant, without…
Is Binance Legal in Pakistan?
As of 2024, the legal status of Binance in Pakistan remains a contentious issue, firmly rooted in the broader debate over cryptocurrency’s legality in the country. The State Bank of…
Can Online Banking Fraud Victims in Pakistan Recover Their Lost Funds?
With the increasing reliance on digital platforms for financial transactions, instances of online banking fraud have surged in Pakistan. This unfortunate rise in fraud cases has left many banking customers…
Contractors, Employees and Malafide Outsourcing (Civil Petitions No.525-K to 541-K/2023)
This recent judgement discusses (1) Concept of outsourcing of tasks through contractor & the Toll Manufacturing (2) Circumvention of labour laws to save money (3) ILO Conventions No.87, 98 &…
Appeal in the Starbucks Case dismissed (Civil Appeal No.1011 of 2024)
The legal battle between Starbucks Corporation, USA, and Options International (SMC-Pvt.) Limited, a case that recently culminated in a significant judgment from the Supreme Court of Pakistan, provides a compelling…
Oral Agreements in Land Disputes (Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022)
In the context of the legal principles governing oral agreements, the judgment in Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022 before the Supreme Court of Pakistan provides a comprehensive analysis of…
Case Comment (a) Whether simply passing a written examination and being invited for an interview establishes any legal right or legitimate expectation for the candidates regarding their selection or appointment. (b) Whether the outcome of an interview process can be legally challenged within the constitutional jurisdiction of the High Court (C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022)
Facts of the Case C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022 The petitioners, Waheed Gul Khan and Mumtaz Ali, applied for employment in the Food Department of the Government…
Right to Appeal in Family Cases (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024)
The case “Syed Raheel Ahmed v. Mst. Syeda Zona Naqvi and others” (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024) is significant due to its implications on the interpretation and application of…
Natasha Iqbal Karachi Accident Case (Legal Aspects)
Updates as of 21st of September 2024 The Natasha Iqbal case, stemming from the fatal road accident on Karachi’s Karsaz Road in August 2024, has seen several important updates recently.…
Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension (O.M. No. F.13(16)-Reg.6/2017-516)
This article has been written to help in understanding the Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension: Insights from Legal Precedents and the 2018 Circular.The…
Case law on Absence from Duty in Civil Service
We get a lot of queries from Civil Servants on Absence from Duty and it’s legal implications for their careers. In the realm of civil service, the duty to uphold…
Recent Case Law on Misconduct and Penalties in Civil Service of Pakistan (updated to 2024)
Over the last five years, the law on misconduct and penalties in civil service has evolved to emphasize procedural fairness, proportionality of penalties, and the need for detailed reasoning in…
8 Misconceptions About Pakistani Law on Self-Defence
The defence of self-defence is a legal principle that allows an individual to use reasonable force to protect themselves or others from imminent harm. This defence justifies actions taken to…
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Review of Recent Cases
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Case Law Perspective Corporate governance in Pakistan has undergone significant evolution, driven by regulatory reforms and judicial interpretations aimed at enhancing transparency,…
7 Common Misconceptions about Placing People on the Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan
The Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan is a critical instrument employed by the government to restrict the movement of individuals deemed to be a threat to national security or…
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Legal Services for Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan-Discover #1 Unmatched Legal Expertise
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted partner for mergers and acquisitions in Pakistan. As a leading M&A law firm in Islamabad, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive legal…
What changes do the Companies Regulation 2024 bring to the Companies Act 2017 and connected regulation?
The Companies Regulations 2024 introduce significant amendments and enhancements to the Companies Act 2017, aimed at modernising corporate governance, improving compliance, and facilitating ease of doing business in Pakistan. Key…
Constitutional Framework for the Rights of Minorities in Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan includes several provisions to protect the rights of minorities in the country. Key articles and principles relevant to the protection of minority rights are outlined below:…
Proforma Promotion in Pakistani Law
Proforma promotion, within the context of Pakistani law, pertains to a retrospective elevation in rank and salary for employees who were eligible for promotion but were overlooked due to administrative…
Current Legal Framework of Human Trafficking in Pakistan
Human trafficking remains a significant issue globally, with Pakistan being no exception. The legal framework governing human trafficking in Pakistan comprises various statutes and international obligations aimed at combating this…
E-Signatures in Pakistan-Legal Framework
The legal framework for electronic signatures in Pakistan is primarily governed by the Electronic Transactions Ordinance, 2002 (ETO 2002). This ordinance provides the foundation for the recognition and enforcement of…
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#1 Trusted Legal Advice on the Mental Health Legislation in Pakistan
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted legal partner for mental health legislation in Pakistan. Our firm is dedicated to providing expert legal advice and consultancy on mental health…
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Legal Advice on Operations and Maintenance Agreements in the Power Sector
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted source for expert legal advice on Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Agreements in the power sector. Our comprehensive services cover all aspects of…
Critical Issues Pakistan Faces in Addressing Climate Change
In recent years, the global community has witnessed the escalating impacts of climate change, with developing nations like Pakistan bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. As a country with…
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023)
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023) represents a significant stride towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation in Pakistan. This policy sets ambitious targets to…
The Doctrine of “Alternative Remedy” in Writ Jurisdiction under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
The doctrine of alternative remedy is crucial in the context of writ jurisdiction under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. This doctrine mandates that individuals must first…
A Comprehensive Guide to the Investment Climate of Pakistan 2023-2024
The investment climate in Pakistan presents a unique blend of opportunities and challenges, shaped by the country’s diverse economic landscape and evolving regulatory environment. As Pakistan seeks to attract foreign…
Comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022
This document presents a detailed comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022, focusing on their provisions,…
Legal Advice on IPR Infringement : Actions by the Police and the Customs in Pakistan for Enforcement
IPR Enforcement by the Police Key Legal Provisions and Procedures: Intellectual Property Laws in Force: Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan Act, 2012 Patents Ordinance, 2000 (amended in 2002 and 2006)…
Legal Advice on Tower Provider Licences by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA): An Updated Legal Overview
Tower Provider Licences in Pakistan are regulatory permits issued by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) to companies that establish, maintain, lease, rent, or sell telecommunication towers and related infrastructure. These…
Legal Advice on White Collar Crime in Pakistan
Introduction White-collar crime, a term first coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland, encompasses non-violent crimes committed by individuals in positions of trust and responsibility, typically involving financial deception. Pakistan, like many…
Legal Advice on Corporate Governance Landscape in Pakistan For Non-Listed Companies (NLCs)
In the dynamic business environment of Pakistan, corporate governance remains a critical aspect that determines the sustainability and success of companies. The landscape of corporate governance is continuously evolving, with…
Commentary: Nadra Ordinance 2000 (updated)
The provisions elucidated in the Nadra Ordinance 2000 meticulously delineate the framework for the registration of citizens, issuance of identity cards, and the requisite information to be furnished to the…
Legal Advice Involving Custody and Divorce with Overseas Pakistanis
The intricacies of family law become particularly pronounced when custody and divorce disputes involve foreign or overseas Pakistani parents. These cases often present unique challenges due to the interplay of…
Legal Advice on the Consequences of Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion in Pakistan
The taxation landscape in Pakistan is governed by a complex framework of laws and regulations aimed at ensuring compliance and fairness in the tax system. The Income Tax Ordinance, 2001,…
Legal Advice on Tax Liabilities in Pakistan: Bankruptcy, Winding Up, and Discontinuance of Business
In the complex landscape of taxation in Pakistan, the management and resolution of tax liabilities during events such as bankruptcy, winding up, and discontinuance of business are critical considerations for…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan
This Q & A is for Client Information purposes only.If you need specific advice on ‘Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan’ please email us at [email protected] Q1: What is…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Companies in Pakistan
Introduction to Taxation of Companies in Pakistan: Q&A Compilation The taxation of companies in Pakistan is governed by a comprehensive legal framework outlined in the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. This…
Legal Advice on Income Tax Ordinance 2001 treatment of taxation on IT, income from online forums, and freelancing in Pakistan (updated 2024)
In recent years, the digital economy has seen exponential growth, with a significant number of individuals and businesses engaging in IT services, online forums, and freelancing activities. This shift towards…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Non Residents in Pakistan Under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001
In the complex landscape of international taxation, understanding the intricacies of how foreign source income and the income of non-residents are taxed in Pakistan is crucial for individuals and entities…
Legal Services In Pakistan – Taxes You Need To Be Aware Of In Pakistan
Josh and Mak International is available to assist individuals and businesses with a wide range of issues, from compliance matters to civil service laws. The list is well and truly…
Legal Advice on Structuring Startups in Pakistan
Introduction The term “Startup” refers to a new business venture where entrepreneurs and companies combine their skills, ideas, and financial resources to generate new business activity with higher returns. Startups…
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Addressing Tree Cutting in Pakistan (Environmental Law)
The Vital Role of Trees and Relevant Laws in Punjab, Pakistan The Importance of Trees in Combatting Environmental Pollution Trees are crucial in mitigating environmental pollution, providing numerous benefits such…
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Review of Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPA) for Jet Fuel Aviation Kerosene
Josh and Mak International is a premier law firm based in Islamabad, Pakistan, renowned for its expertise in drafting, reviewing, and negotiating complex commercial agreements, including Sales and Purchase Agreements…
Pakistan’s Mineral Law Regime / Legal Framework by Josh and Mak International
Pakistan’s mineral resources are abundant and varied, making the mining sector a significant contributor to the national economy. The regulatory framework governing this sector has evolved over time, aiming to…
Best Lawyers In Pakistan Client Information Articles Law Firms In Islamabad Law Firms In Pakistan Legal Services @ Josh and Mak International Legal Services Islamabad Oil , Gas , Mining and Energy Law
Legal Advice on Pakistan’s Onshore Petroleum Rules from the #1 Legal Experts
The evolution of the Onshore Petroleum Rules in Pakistan reflects significant regulatory developments aimed at enhancing petroleum exploration and production. This comparative analysis focuses on the key differences and improvements…
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Legal Advice on Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Pakistan: A Guide for Private Clients and Foreign Companies (Section 13 & 44-A CPC)
How We Assist Private Clients and Foreign Companies in Enforcing Foreign Judgments in Pakistan At our law firm, we specialise in providing comprehensive legal services to private clients and foreign…
Legal Advice on the Wedlock Policy in the Context of Civil Service in Pakistan
Wedlock Policy in the Context of Civil Service in Pakistan The wedlock policy in Pakistan aims to facilitate the joint postings of married couples in civil service to minimize the…
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Legal Advice on the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build (Yellow Book)
At Josh and Mak International, we are pleased to provide our clients with expert legal advice on the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build (Yellow Book). This contract…
Legal Advice on FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build, and Operate Projects (Golden Book)
Contact for Further Assistance For deeper insights and personalized legal advice on adopting and adapting FIDIC Conditions of Contract for your specific projects, do not hesitate to contact our expert…
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Legal Advice on FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering works designed by the employer (Red Book)
For detailed guidance on Clauses of the FIDIC Conditions of Contract (Red Book) or any other aspects of construction law, please contact us at [email protected]. Our team at Josh and…
Legal Advice on Legal Compliance For Opening A Bank Account in Pakistan
This Client Information Article is meant to be a general guide on opening a bank account in Pakistan for our individual clients and entity clients.The process of each bank many…
Legal Advice on FIDIC’s Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects (Silver Book)
Josh and Mak International offers comprehensive legal services tailored to clients engaging in projects governed by FIDIC Silver book on EPC/Turnkey Contracts. With a deep understanding of the intricacies of…
Legal Advice on Drafting International Supplier Agreements
Josh and Mak International, with its expertise in international law and commercial contracts, is exceptionally positioned to assist international clients in the drafting and vetting of international supplier agreements. Our…
Legal Advice on Drafting Reseller Contracts
Josh and Mak International offers an extensive suite of legal services tailored to the drafting of international reseller contracts, ensuring that clients engage in global commerce with confidence and legal…
Legal Advice on Staff Handbooks for NGO’s by Josh and Mak International
If you are unsatisfied with your current Staff Handbook for your NGO/INGO please get in touch for a FREE evaluation with us at [email protected] or WhatsApp +92-304-8734889 We advise NGO’s…
Legal Opinions by Josh and Mak International
Expert Legal Opinions for Pakistani and Overseas Clients At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing top-tier legal services to both local and international clients. Our team, driven…
Legal Advice on Special Power of Attorney in Pakistan
In the realm of legal affairs, the Power of Attorney (PoA) is a vital document that delegates authority from one individual, known as the principal, to another, termed as the…
Legal Advice on Power of Attorney in Pakistan
While a power of attorney is a powerful legal instrument, its execution, nature, and the rights it bestows need to be understood thoroughly. Both the granter and the holder should…
Legal Advice on Blank Cheques in Pakistan
Going through the complexities of financial instruments is crucial for individuals and businesses alike. Among these instruments, blank cheques hold a unique position due to their convenience and the inherent…
Legal Advice & Legal Notices in Pakistani Law
Why Choose Josh and Mak International for Serving Your Legal Notices: Excellence in Precision and Legal Acumen Going through the intricate web of legal procedures in Pakistani civil law can…
Legal Advice on Breach of Contract in Pakistan
Our firm Josh and Mak International can offer a comprehensive range of services to clients dealing with breach of contract issues. These services may include, but are not limited to,…
Legal Advice on Liquidated Damages in Insurance & Civil Claims in Pakistan
In the sea of insurance litigation, the concept of liquidated damages has evolved as a significant tool for the protection of policyholders’ rights. The cases cited from the Supreme Court…
#1 Legal Advice on Commercial Lease Agreements
In the dynamic landscape of Pakistani commerce, commercial lease agreements stand as a cornerstone of business operations, big and small. Navigating through these agreements can be a daunting task, fraught…
Introduction to the Regulatory Framework of Coal Power in Pakistan
Update: As of now, coal power regulation in Pakistan involves both the Private Power and Infrastructure Board (PPIB) and the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA). The PPIB acts as…
Legal Advice & Representation at the Federal Service Tribunal & Other Service Tribunals
At Josh and Mak International, we pride ourselves on offering an extensive range of legal services tailored to meet the diverse needs of our clients. With an unwavering commitment to…
Legal Advice on Dower and Dowry in Pakistani Law
In Pakistani law, as in many other legal systems influenced by Islamic principles, the concepts of dower (“Mahr” in Islamic law) and dowry are distinct, each serving a different purpose…
Legal Advice on Order VII rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Code
Order VII rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Code reads as follows: 11. The plaint shall be rejected in the following cases:- a) where it does not disclose a cause…
Legal Advice on the Complexities of Gold Ornament Snatching Allegations in Divorce Proceedings
Divorce proceedings often involve complex and emotionally charged disputes over assets, particularly in cases involving allegations of snatching gold ornaments, a significant issue in many South Asian cultures. A series…
Legal Advice on Recalling of Ex Parte Orders
This review of recent case citations offers a comprehensive overview of how various High Courts in Pakistan approach applications for recalling ex parte orders under Rule 13 of the Civil…
Legal Advice on Law of Extradition in Pakistan
Introduction to Extradition in International Law Extradition stands as a cornerstone in the edifice of international law, representing a crucial mechanism for maintaining global justice and security. At its core,…
Legal Advice on Real Estate Partnerships
Real estate partnerships, when structured effectively, can be a powerful vehicle for both growth and risk mitigation. However, achieving a fair balance for all parties involved requires careful planning, clear…
Application and interpretation of exclusivity in various contexts in Pakistan and Internationally.
Key Terms for an Effective Exclusivity Agreement Internationally Introduction: In the business world, exclusivity agreements are a powerful tool, forging strong partnerships while providing mutual benefits. These agreements, however, demand…
Legal Advice on Willful Default in Pakistani
Josh and Mak International, as a law firm in Pakistan with a focus on client satisfaction and effective communication, offers a comprehensive range of legal services related to willful default,…
Legal Advice The Financial Institutions (Recovery of Finance) Ordinance, 2001
Josh and Mak International effectively caters to the needs of both financial institutions and borrowers, ensuring comprehensive legal support in the specialized field of banking litigation and finance recovery under…
Legal Advice on the Remedies for Sealing of Premises in Pakistan
This Client Information Article is aimed at discussing successful remedies for owners of commercial and residential property, having their premises sealed through government action.In analysing the cases concerning the sealing…
Legal Advice on Proforma Defendants
Proforma defendants are those who are named in a legal action but are not expected to be active participants in the litigation. They are included because they may have an…
Legal Advice on implications of multiple adjournments during proceedings
In the pursuit of justice, the courts in Pakistan face the perpetual challenge of balancing the scales between due process and expeditious resolution of cases. The practice of seeking adjournments,…
Legal Advice on Post-Dated cheques in Pakistan
Our Law Firm Josh and Mak International offers a comprehensive suite of legal services related to legal obligations and liabilities arising from the Post-Dated Cheques in business transactions : Legal…
Legal Advice the Columns of Nikahnama in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we provide an array of legal services designed to support our clients through the complexities of marital contracts and the implications thereof. Our approach to…
Legal Advice on Bail Under Section 9 of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 (CNS 1997) (Legal Position in 2023)
Initially, the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 had provisions in Section 9 that dealt with punishments for contraventions of Sections 6, 7, and 8. The punishments were based on…
Legal Advice on Shia Law of Inheritance
The Shia law of inheritance in Pakistan has been the subject of numerous cases that have been adjudicated by various courts across the country. The first set of cases cited…
Lis Pendens in Pakistan: An Insight into Its Meaning and Application
Lis pendens is a Latin term that translates to “pending litigation.” In legal terms, it refers to a doctrine that ensures any property subject to ongoing litigation cannot be transferred…
Commentary on The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act 2022 (ACT XV OF 2022) & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act (XVII of 2016)
The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act: An Overview The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act 2022, commonly referred to as the PPI Act, is a…
Legal Advice on Consolidation of Civil Suits in Pakistan
The consolidation of suits is a critical feature in the management of civil proceedings. In Pakistan, this is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), which serves as…
Legal Advice on Fraud and Misrepresentation in Pakistani Case Law
Fraud and Misrepresentation in Pakistani Case Law: A Review of Recent Judgments from 2023 In the complex tapestry of legal proceedings, few concepts are as contested and consequential as fraud…
Legal Advice on Malicious Prosecution, Frivolous litigation and Damages in Pakistan
Frivolous litigation and malicious prosecution are both legal concepts that revolve around the misuse of the judicial process. However, their nature, motivations, and implications differ. The intersection between these two…
Legal Advice on Restrictive Agreements and Practices in Pakistan
In the realm of commercial transactions and business practices, competition law plays a pivotal role in ensuring a level playing field, fostering economic efficiency, and safeguarding consumer interests against detrimental…
Legal Advice on Blocking of CNIC in Pakistan
Update: A lot of queries have come up, asking about the power of court to block CNIC in a civil matter.This power comes from an amended first schedule of the…
Legal Advice on Pakistani Law on Permission to Sell A Minor’s Property Under the Guardians and Wards Act 1890
****Law on Permission to Sell a Minor’s property**** This Client Information Article discusses the powers of a Guardian to sale the property of a minor. The sections of the Guardians…
Legal Advice pertaining to Absconders and Proclaimed offenders in Pakistan
What is the difference between Absconders and Proclaimed offenders in Pakistani law? In Pakistani law, there is a clear distinction between absconders and proclaimed offenders, both terms used to describe…
Legal Advice Regarding Consent Decrees in Pakistani Law
In the legal sphere, a consent decree is a resolution between parties involved in a lawsuit, agreed to by the parties and sanctioned by the court. Generally, an appeal against…
Concept of Perpetuity in Pakistani Law
Perpetuity in law generally refers to a situation or condition which is meant to exist indefinitely without an end. This concept has been illustrated through the mentioned citations in various…
Section 9 of the NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ORDINANCE 1999
Section 9 of the NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ORDINANCE 1999 (a) A holder of a public office, or any other person, is said to commit or to have committed the offence of…
Legal Advice on Protecting Property Rights under the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005
Introduction In the realm of legal safeguards against property-related crimes in Pakistan, the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005 stands as a formidable shield to protect the rights of lawful property owners…
A review of reported cases under the Sindh Police (Efficiency and Discipline) Rules, 1988
We have recently received a lot of queries from the general public, especially members of the Sindh Police regarding major and minor penalties imposed upon them and possible remedies. We…
Legal Advice on Transparency and Right to information Legislation in Pakistan
Background to Transparency and Right to information Legislation in Pakistan In a nation grappling with persistent reports of corruption within official circles, Pakistan’s journey towards enacting Right to Information (RTI)…
Legal Advice on Upgradation of Civil Servants
Update 2022: The latest Government Policy on Upgradation supersedes Establishment Division’s OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 20-01-2001: OM No. 8/36/2000-R-1 dated 03-02-2001: OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 11-09-2018 and others…
Legal Advice on Copyrights Law in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International, being a full-service law firm, offer a range of legal services to individuals and companies in Pakistan and abroad in the realm of copyrights and related…
Legal Advice on IP Protection for ‘Industrial Designs’ in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International can offer a range of legal services related to industrial design protection and intellectual property rights in Pakistan. Some of the services they can provide to…
Legal Advice for INGOs Operating in Pakistan
Legal Advisory Note: Regulation of International NGOs (“INGOs”) in Pakistan Note: If your INGO is having problems understanding the 2015 INGO policy or the checklist accompanying it, feel free to…
Legal Advice on Data Protection and the Employee’s Digital Footprint (Pakistan)
The Right to Privacy in the Pakistani Workplace The right to privacy, defined as “freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into individuals’ personal affairs,” is recognized as a fundamental right…
Legal Advice on Data Privacy and Protection Laws in Pakistan
Legal Advice on Data Protection Laws in Pakistan by Josh and Mak International As a leading law firm in Pakistan, Josh and Mak International offers expert legal advice on data…
Legal Advice on ‘Easy Exit’ for Companies in Pakistan? A solution for defunct companies
The Easy Exit Regulations stipulate that all private and public unlisted companies, including associations not for profit licensed under section 42 of the Companies Ordinance, 1984/Companies Act 2017, can file…
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Legal and Ethical Implications of the Titan Submersible Incident (OceanGate)
Are you following the OceanGate Titan Submersible Disaster? Have legal questions? Get in touch at [email protected] Background to the Disappearance of Underwater Vehicle (UV) Titan This legal note addresses the…
Legal Advice on Property Rights Transfer in Pakistan
Property transfers in Pakistan require meticulous attention to legal details and adherence to the applicable laws and regulations. With our comprehensive legal services and expert advice, you can navigate the…
Legal Advice on Quashment of FIR and Legal Proceedings in Pakistan
Quashment or Quashing of FIR (First Information Report) refers to the process of seeking the cancellation or dismissal of an FIR filed against an individual in Pakistani law. An FIR…
Legal Advice on the Division of Islamic Inheritance Shares: Understanding the Principles and Distribution
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the intricacies of Islamic law and its impact on matters of inheritance. Pakistani Inheritance is based entirely on Shariah (Islamic law).A common query…
Buyer Delaying Payment in a Sale of Contract of Land or Property in Pakistan (and Token Money Agreements)
Delays in payment for land purchases in Pakistan can be a challenging issue to navigate, but there are legal remedies available to enforce the terms of the contract and protect…
One of your employees is dead/deceased, how will you deal with disbursing his legal dues and salary?
Update from 2023: We wrote the original article a while back when the NADRA Succession Certificate Service was not available.At this point legal heirs in Islamabad, KPK, Sindh and Punjab…
#1 Free Legal Advice in Pakistan
“Free, Life-Changing, and Honest Legal Advice @ Josh and Mak International” Update 2- Another significant milestone reached, we have now assisted 300 Individuals with free legal advice as of 10th…
Company Registration in Pakistan-Q & A
Introduction Company registration in Pakistan is a crucial step for entrepreneurs and businesses looking to establish a legal presence in the country. The process, governed by the Companies Act, 2017,…
What is the purpose and background of The Zainab Alert, Recovery and Response Act, 2020?
The Zainab Alert, Recovery and Response Act, 2020 is a law passed by the government of Pakistan aimed at preventing and responding to cases of child abduction, abuse, and exploitation.…
Legal Advice on Intellectual Property Registration and Protection of Geographical Indications in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International can offer the following legal services to clients in Pakistan and abroad: Geographical Indications Registration and Protection: Josh and Mak International can assist clients in the…
Legal Advice on Doing Business in Pakistan 2023-2024
Pakistan is a country with a rich history and diverse culture, and it offers a lot of opportunities for foreign investors and entrepreneurs. However, doing business in Pakistan can be…
Legal Advice on the Law, Policy and Regulation of Solar Power (as a type of renewable energy) in Pakistan
Update : As of 2023 upon promulgation of Private Power and Infrastructure Board (Amendment) Act, 2023 notified through Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part-1, as an Act No. XXVI of 2023…
Legal Advice on IOT (internet of things), Digital Economy and Cloud Computing in Pakistan
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnected network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enabling them to collect and…
Legal Advice on Non-solicitation Clauses in Pakistan
A non-solicitation clause is a type of contract clause that prohibits one party from soliciting the other party’s employees, customers, or suppliers. These clauses are often used by businesses to…
Legal Advice on NCNDA agreements in Pakistan
We receive a significant number of inquiries from both employers and employees seeking clarification on the enforceability of Non-Compete and Non-Disclosure Contracts (NCDAs) in Pakistan. Additionally, there is a considerable…
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Bait-and-Switch Tactics in Pakistani Property Law
Bait-and-switch is an unethical sales tactic commonly employed in various industries, including the property market in Pakistan. It involves enticing potential customers with attractive offers or deals, only to switch…
Legal Aspects of Artificial Scarcity: NFTs and Their Implications
The emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has created a fascinating interplay between technology, commerce, and law. NFTs, digital assets representing ownership of unique items or rights on a blockchain, have…
Legal Advice on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics LLMs, Deep Learning and Machine Learning
Our legal acumen pertaining to Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, LLMs, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning involves an in-depth understanding of the legal issues that arise from the use of these…
Can business incubator contracts be unfair to start-ups? How can the interests of all parties be protected?
Whether you are a business incubator, a start-up or venture capitalist, we can advise you on your business incubator contract. Have an incubator contract to review? Email us now at…
When do Pakistani companies need GDPR compliance?
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data protection law that came into effect on 25 May 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. While primarily aimed at…
What is the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 of Pakistan and how is it affected by the recent decision of Federal Shariat Court?
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 is a law in Pakistan that aims to provide equal rights to transgender people and to safeguard their rights through legal recognition.…
What is the digital power of attorney service from NADRA in Pakistan?
The digital power of attorney (PoA) service from NADRA in Pakistan is a secure and convenient way for overseas Pakistanis to grant power of attorney to someone in Pakistan. The…
What is ‘ijazat aapki’ by NADRA in Pakistan? How does it support data protection?
Ijazat Aap Ki (Your Permission) is a service launched by the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in Pakistan in March 2023. The service allows citizens to give their consent…
How can you discover the hidden cryptocurrency assets of a defendant in a civil suit, especially in divorce proceedings?
Whether it is the case of a judgement-debtor who simply will not pay, or that of a spouse in a divorce keen on hiding their assets, proving someone has a…
What is an Employee invention assignment and confidentiality agreement (EIACA)?
An Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (EIACA) is a legal contract between an employee and an employer that outlines the employee’s obligations regarding inventions and confidential information. The EIACA…
Legal Advice on Influencer Agreements
Crafting the Perfect Influencer Agreement: A Comprehensive Guide (updated December 2023) In the dynamic realm of influencer marketing, particularly in Australia, the importance of a well-structured Influencer Agreement cannot be…
What is a Beta Agreement and what safeguarding clauses does it need?
A beta agreement is a contract between a company and a beta tester that outlines the terms of the beta testing process. It is important for both parties to have…
What is a Security and privacy addendum ?
A security and privacy addendum is a legally binding document that outlines the security and privacy obligations of the parties involved in a transaction.Data intensive online businesses generally display this…
Can you sue for defamation after someone releases a deepfake video of you?
If you or someone you know is being threatened or blackmailed by a deepfake video, please get in touch for legal consultation at [email protected] answer is yes, you can sue…
What is the difference between a SAAS agreement and a EULA?
A Software as a Service (SaaS) agreement and an End-User License Agreement (EULA) are both legal contracts that govern the use of software. However, there are some key differences between…
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Should there be vicarious liability for chatbots?
Vicarious Liability and the Emergence of Chatbots In the age of digital transformation, the proliferation of chatbots has revolutionized the way businesses interact with customers. These AI-driven assistants are not…
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Legal Advice on the Draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Pakistan?
The Draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Pakistan is a policy framework that aims to promote the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Pakistan. The policy was…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence of Private Limited Companies in Pakistan
Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a company before investing in it. It is important to do due diligence on any company, but it is especially important…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence of Land and Property in Pakistan
Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a property before buying it. It is important to do due diligence on any property, but it is especially important in…
The use of Geofencing techniques and Call Data records (CDRs) as means of investigation in Pakistan
Geofencing is a location-based technology that creates a virtual boundary or perimeter around a real-world geographic area. It allows authorities, including the police, to define specific geographic zones and receive…
Legal Advice on LLP Registration in Pakistan
Message for the General Public: Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Registration in Pakistan. The first decision you must make upon arriving at this page is…
Legal Advice on ensuring effective distribution of funds for heirs of deceased employees for Medium to Large Private Business Owners
The unfortunate event of an employee’s death can bring about emotional distress and present various practical legal challenges in the workplace, particularly if the employee had access to crucial documentation…
Legal Advice on Mis-Procurement and Red Flags in Public Procurement in Pakistan
Every year, we receive numerous queries from foreign companies who feel they have been unfairly treated by local state departments in Pakistan during the bidding process for local contracts. The…
Legal Advice for foreign companies bidding on procurement contracts in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the attractiveness of Pakistan as a jurisdiction for bidding on procurement contracts, particularly for our clients operating internationally with corporate seats in key…
Protecting Overseas Pakistanis from Unscrupulous Property Agents: The ‘token money’ trap and other unethical practices
As the real estate market in Pakistan continues to attract overseas Pakistanis, it is crucial to address the concerns and challenges they face when buying or selling property. At our…
The Thin Red Line : Limitation of Liability
Don’t leave your contracts to chance! Getting your contract reviewed by legal experts has never been easier. Simply reach out to us at [email protected]. Our team will promptly respond to…
Our Verified Properties And Due Diligence Services
Unlock Secure Property Transactions with Josh and Mak International Are you considering buying property in Pakistan? Don’t take any chances when it comes to such a significant investment. Trust Josh…
PPRA Rules Query on Direct Contracting/Negotiated Tendering
Question: Hi, wanted to ask that in case of contracts for hiring of services, specifically for outsourced staff, is it allowed to incorporate in tender documents for Annual Contract that…
Can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tenders in Pakistan?
Question: Can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tenders in Pakistan? Answer: Yes, a local company in Pakistan is permitted to bid in foreign currency under international…
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Legal and Ethical Considerations for Vetting Applicants through Social Media (digital footprint)in Pakistan
Employers in Pakistan often face the dilemma of vetting prospective candidates through social media platforms, balancing the benefits of gaining valuable insights with the legal and ethical implications. This legal…
Legal Advice on Setting Up of an EPC Company in Pakistan by a Foreign Investor
As a foreign EPC contractor intending to establish a legal entity in Lahore, Pakistan, to conduct EPC contracting business (residential and commercial buildings, waste water treatment, road, power, railways buildings),…
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Legal Advice on Mining Law in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, our team of qualified legal experts is dedicated to providing comprehensive guidance and assistance in various aspects of mining law in Pakistan, particularly in the…
Legal Advice on Competitive Bid Writing and Bid Management
At Josh and Mak International, we are excited to introduce our new specialist service in Competitive Bid Writing and Bid Management. As one of the leading teams of Procurement Consultants…
Exploring Alternative Avenues: Mediation and Arbitration in Dispute Resolution in Islamabad, Pakistan
In the realm of dispute resolution in the Islamabad Capital Territory, court proceedings are often seen as the default option. However, it is crucial to consider alternative avenues such as…
Legal Advice on Specific performance and Personal Service Contracts
In the context of Pakistani law, it is well-established that courts generally avoid awarding specific performance in personal services contracts. The Specific Relief Act of 1877 stands as a cornerstone…
Opinion : Limitation on liability for ‘Intentional or criminal misconduct or wilful violation’ and Liability Caps
By Barrister Aemen Zulfikar Maluka It is common to encounter, during contract review requests by clients, a contractor request for a limitation on liability for “intentional or criminal misconduct or…
Legal Advice on Pakistan Real Estate, Landlord and Tenant Laws
Josh and Mak International, offers a comprehensive suite of legal services to address the various needs of both landlords and tenants. Legal Consultation and Advisory Services: Offer expert legal advice…
Legal Advice on Buying Property in Pakistan for Overseas Pakistanis and Foreigners
Navigating through the complex and regionally diverse legal landscape of the real estate sector in Pakistan can be a daunting task, especially for overseas Pakistanis and foreigners. The intricacies involved…
Distinguishing Between ® and ™: Legal Implications for Clients
Updated Article Introduction In the realm of intellectual property, trademarks play a crucial role in distinguishing goods and services. Among the various symbols associated with trademarks, the ® (registered trademark)…
Legal Advice on Cheque Fraud and Dishonouring of Cheques in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International are well-equipped to provide expert legal advice and representation on issues related to stale cheques, dishonored cheques, debt recovery, legal notices for cheque dishonoring, lodging of…
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Non-Profit Company Registration in Pakistan u/s 42 Companies Act 2017
A charitable or non-profit association with the aim of promoting health, social welfare, and charity can be established as a public company with limited liability under Section 42 of the…
Legal Advice on Compliance and Registration Requirements For NGOs/NPOs/Charities in Pakistan
NGO/NPO/Charities Registration in Pakistan Understanding the evolving legal framework for not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan Over the past five years, Pakistan has witnessed significant changes to…
Legal Advice on Challenging Unfair Transfers of Government Officers
In the realm of public service, ensuring that government officers are treated fairly in terms of their postings and transfers is crucial. Recently, a significant legal case highlighted the plight…
:egal Advice on Writ Petitions for Suspension of NAB Sentences
NAB-Related Writ Petition for Suspension of Sentence: Section 426 Cr.P.C. Inapplicability in NAB Cases At Josh and Mak International, we recently handled a critical case involving a Writ Petition challenging…
Legal Advice on Pakistani Tax Law Provisions Concerning International Taxation
Introduction to Q&A on Pakistani Tax Law Provisions Concerning International Taxation In an increasingly globalised economy, understanding the intricacies of international taxation is paramount for individuals and businesses operating across…
Legal Advice on Customs and Trade Remedy Laws in Pakistan
There is nobody better than the expert team at Josh and Mak International to guide you through the minefield that are the customs and trade remedy laws in Pakistan! Granted,…
Legal Advice on Writ Petitions for Promotion of Civil Servants in Pakistan
Before filing a writ petition in promotion matter, please ensure that all internal remedies have been exhausted and that your case involves a clear violation of legal or constitutional rights.…
Due Diligence of Land Registry Documents in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International provides comprehensive legal services pertaining to due diligence exercises and opinions after examining land registry documents in Pakistan. These services include: Title Verification and Ownership Analysis:…
Mediation law in Pakistan
Mediation Law in Pakistan Pakistan is not a signatory on any international treaties pertaining to mediation. The mediation law in our country is not based on any of these treaties…
Legal Advice on Setting up business subsidiary in the Oil and Gas Sector
Question: Our foreign company is planning to expand in Pakistan by establishing subsidiary and start oil and gas exploration work with our own technologies. In order to begin the process…
Legal Advice on Staying of Proceedings in a Criminal Complaint Case
The Interplay of Civil and Criminal Proceedings: A Review of Judicial Perspectives Introduction: In the realm of legal proceedings, the interaction between civil and criminal cases can lead to intricate…
#1 Legal Advice on Suits for Declaration and Permanent Injunction in Pakistan
Suits for Declaration and Permanent Injunction In Pakistani law, suits for declaration and permanent injunction are common remedies sought in civil litigation. These suits typically involve the plaintiff asking the…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence via the Patwari and Other Pakistan Land or Property Records
This Opinion involving due diligence of the land has been published with the consent of our client, and names and identities have been concealed to respect their privacy. If you…
Case comment: Tax credit for Corporate dairy farming
The case “Nishat Dairy (Pvt.) Ltd. versus Commissioner Inland Revenue and others” (2013 P T D 1883) heard by the Lahore High Court on 25th March 2013 addresses the issue…
Legal Advice on Child Custody, Interim Custody, Visitation and Guardianship as per Pakistani law
Child Custody in Pakistan, FAQs, and relevant case law on Section 491 CrPc, Section 100 CrPc Section 12 and Section 25 of the Guardians and Wards Act, Pakistan (including other…
Legal Advice on becoming an EMI licence, PSP or a Payment service provider or Online Payment Transfer Company like Pay Pal in Pakistan?
The Electronic Money Institutions (EMI) regulations are a cornerstone of the evolving financial landscape, introduced to foster innovation, inclusivity, and security in the digital payments ecosystem. Their primary aim is…