Author: The Josh and Mak Team

Introduction  In the realm of legal safeguards against property-related crimes in Pakistan, the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005 stands as a formidable shield to protect the rights of lawful property owners…

We have recently received a lot of queries from the general public, especially members of the Sindh Police regarding major and minor penalties imposed upon them and possible remedies. We…

Background to Transparency and Right to information Legislation in Pakistan In a nation grappling with persistent reports of corruption within official circles, Pakistan’s journey towards enacting Right to Information (RTI) laws has…

Update 2022: The latest Government Policy on Upgradation supersedes Establishment Division’s OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 20-01-2001: OM No. 8/36/2000-R-1 dated 03-02-2001: OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 11-09-2018 and others…

Embracing the Future: Pakistan’s National AI Policy In the fast-evolving landscape of technological advancements, one particular force is reshaping the world as we know it – Artificial Intelligence (AI). Recognizing…

Meta, formerly known as Facebook, has been making strides in the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the release of its powerful LLaMa 2 model. However, there has been a…

Josh and Mak International, being a full-service law firm, can offer a range of legal services to individuals and companies in Pakistan and abroad in the realm of copyrights and…

Josh and Mak International can offer a range of legal services related to industrial design protection and intellectual property rights in Pakistan. Some of the services they can provide to…

Legal Advisory Note: Regulation of International NGOs (“INGOs”) in Pakistan The Ministry of Interior (MOI) regulates International NGOs through the Policy for Regulation of International Non-Governmental Organizations 2015 (the “2015…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) image generators, like Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E 2, have impressed us with their ability to create stunning images rapidly. However, these AI tools often struggle with…

The Right to Privacy in the Pakistani Workplace The right to privacy, defined as “freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into individuals’ personal affairs,” is recognized as a fundamental right…

Legal Advice on Data Protection Laws in Pakistan by Josh and Mak International  As a leading law firm in Pakistan, Josh and Mak International offers expert legal advice on data…

Do you suspect that a family member or friend is being targeted by a human trafficker in Pakistan? Have you had a similar experience yourself? Get in touch with us…

Have you or your friends/family been affected by the predatory lending practices of lenders in Pakistan? Reach out to us and share your experience with us at aemen@joshandmak.com Legal Update…

It is indeed true that the next generation of intellectual property disputes may witness unique challenges related to AI-generated content. As AI technology continues to advance, we may see accusations…

AI is revolutionizing various industries, offering tremendous potential for cost efficiencies, time savings, and improved profitability. From computer vision and translation to cybersecurity and drug discovery, AI has brought about…

The title of the latest privacy class action lawsuit against OpenAI is Clarkson Law Firm v. OpenAI. It was filed on June 28, 2023, in the United States District Court…

Section 426 of the Companies Act, 2017, and the Companies (Easy Exit) Regulations, 2014, provide a convenient solution for private or public unlisted companies that have ceased operations and have…

Are you following the OceanGate Titan Submersible Disaster? Have legal questions? Get in touch at aemen@joshandmak.com Background to the Disappearance of Underwater Vehicle (UV) Titan This legal note addresses the…

📣 Attention all! 🆓 🔍 Searching for a reliable legal document review service? Look no further! We’re excited to announce that Josh and Mak International is offering FREE legal document…

At Josh and Mak International, we believe in providing accessible legal support to everyone. That’s why we are thrilled to announce our initiative to offer FREE legal advice in Pakistan!…

Property transfers in Pakistan require meticulous attention to legal details and adherence to the applicable laws and regulations. With our comprehensive legal services and expert advice, you can navigate the…

FIR (First Information Report) quashment refers to the process of seeking the cancellation or dismissal of an FIR filed against an individual in Pakistani law. An FIR is the initial…

At Josh and Mak International, we understand the intricacies of Islamic law and its impact on matters of inheritance. Pakistani Inheritance is based entirely on Shariah (Islamic law).A common query…

Delays in payment for land purchases in Pakistan can be a challenging issue to navigate, but there are legal remedies available to enforce the terms of the contract and protect…

“Free, Life-Changing, and Honest Legal Advice @ Josh and Mak International” As of September 2023, we are delighted to share with you a significant milestone in our journey. Since the inception…

This page has been redirected to the following Link Company Registration & Post Incorporation Compliance in Pakistan

The Zainab Alert, Recovery and Response Act, 2020 is a law passed by the government of Pakistan aimed at preventing and responding to cases of child abduction, abuse, and exploitation.…

Josh and Mak International can offer the following legal services to clients in Pakistan and abroad: Geographical Indications Registration and Protection: Josh and Mak International can assist clients in the…

Pakistan is a country with a rich history and diverse culture, and it offers a lot of opportunities for foreign investors and entrepreneurs. However, doing business in Pakistan can be…

The regulation of solar power in Pakistan is primarily overseen by the Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), which is responsible for facilitating and promoting the development of renewable energy sources,…

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnected network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enabling them to collect and…

A non-solicitation clause is a type of contract clause that prohibits one party from soliciting the other party’s employees, customers, or suppliers. These clauses are often used by businesses to…

We receive a significant number of inquiries from both employers and employees seeking clarification on the enforceability of Non-Compete and Non-Disclosure Contracts (NCDAs) in Pakistan. Additionally, there is a considerable…

Bait-and-switch is an unethical sales tactic commonly employed in various industries, including the property market in Pakistan. It involves enticing potential customers with attractive offers or deals, only to switch…

Here are some product and service development best practices for avoiding data protection legal risk in the development phase of robotics and AI systems: By following these best practices, companies…

There are a number of legal implications for the owners of facial recognition systems and the public when these systems are used in public spaces without clear accountability or oversight.…

What are NFTs (Non-fungible tokens)? Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a type of digital asset that represents ownership or proof of authenticity of a unique item, such as an image, video,…

Negligence is a legal concept that refers to the failure to take reasonable care that results in harm to another person. In the AI era, there is a growing debate…

Security breaches are inevitable, but there are steps that AI and robotics companies can take to mitigate the risk and minimize the impact of a breach. Here are some key…

Have an incubator contract to review? Email us now at aemen@joshandmak.com Yes, business incubator contracts can be unfair to startups. Incubators often have more bargaining power than startups, and they…

Pakistani companies need to comply with GDPR if they: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all individuals within…

The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 is a law in Pakistan that aims to provide equal rights to transgender people and to safeguard their rights through legal recognition.…

The digital power of attorney (PoA) service from NADRA in Pakistan is a secure and convenient way for overseas Pakistanis to grant power of attorney to someone in Pakistan. The…

Ijazat Aap Ki (Your Permission) is a service launched by the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in Pakistan in March 2023. The service allows citizens to give their consent…

Whether it is the case of a judgement-debtor who simply will not pay, or that of a spouse in a divorce keen on hiding their assets, proving someone has a…

Yes, a machine can convince another machine that it is human. This is known as a machine-to-machine Turing test. In a machine-to-machine Turing test, two machines are placed in separate…

An Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (EIACA) is a legal contract between an employee and an employer that outlines the employee’s obligations regarding inventions and confidential information. The EIACA…

An influencer agreement is a legal contract between an influencer and a brand that outlines the terms of their collaboration. It is important for both parties to have a clear…

A beta agreement is a contract between a company and a beta tester that outlines the terms of the beta testing process. It is important for both parties to have…

A security and privacy addendum is a legally binding document that outlines the security and privacy obligations of the parties involved in a transaction.Data intensive online businesses generally display this…

If you or someone you know is being threatened or blackmailed by a deepfake video, please get in touch for legal consultation at aemen@joshandmak.comThe answer is yes, you can sue…

A Software as a Service (SaaS) agreement and an End-User License Agreement (EULA) are both legal contracts that govern the use of software. However, there are some key differences between…

The document “Policymaking in the Pause: What can policymakers do now to combat risks from advanced AI systems?” by the Future of Life Institute (FLI) provides a comprehensive overview of…

By including these provisions in the contract, both the chatbot developer and the customer can protect themselves from potential risks and ensure that the chatbot is used in a responsible…

The question of whether there should be vicarious liability for chatbots is a complex one. On the one hand, chatbots are increasingly being used to provide customer service and other…

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are becoming increasingly popular, as they offer a number of advantages over traditional customer service methods. However, the use of AI chatbots also raises a number…

The legal compliance required in an artificial intelligence project will vary depending on the specific project and the jurisdiction in which it is being developed and deployed. While our firm…

The Personal Data Protection Bill 2021 (PDPB) is a proposed law in Pakistan that aims to protect the privacy of personal data. The bill was introduced in the National Assembly…

Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms are trained on data, and they can then use that…

The Draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Pakistan is a policy framework that aims to promote the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Pakistan. The policy was…

Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a company before investing in it. It is important to do due diligence on any company, but it is especially important…

Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a property before buying it. It is important to do due diligence on any property, but it is especially important in…

Digital identity verification is the process of confirming the identity of an individual using digital means. It is often used to authenticate users for online transactions, such as banking and…

The ownership of intellectual property rights (IPR) in AI-generated works is a complex issue that is still being debated by legal experts. In general, IPR law in most countries recognizes…

The pros and cons of AI have been heavily debated with some people going to the extent of arguing that the age of AI is also the end of originality.It…

Geofencing is a location-based technology that creates a virtual boundary or perimeter around a real-world geographic area. It allows authorities, including the police, to define specific geographic zones and receive…

Message for the General Public: The first thing you need to consider, now that you have reached our page on LLP Registration in Pakistan, is whether you are looking for…

At Josh and Mak International, our firm has acquired significant expertise in metal transactions throughout 2022, enabling us to conduct future transactions with utmost diligence. In this post, we will…

The trials of 2020 presented a different perspective to all of us, depending on which walk of life we had chosen to earn our bread and butter from, let’s say,…

In the period of October to December 2020, many of the most hard working and genuine PPE sellers around the world including 3M distributors or resellers, (who I occasionally advise…

Our Law firm is issuing a continuing warning to those people who are claiming that they have billions and millions of 3M Respirators available for Sale via 3M USA.If you…

The comments below on Behalf of our legal Team pertain to the 3M Letter/Communication on Duplicated Respirator LOTS/Counterfeit products on the 18th of December 2020.This Letter can be accessed via…

Vaccine appears to be something the governments are aiming to keep off from the risks of price gouging via brokers and other private intermediaries.The philosophical premise of this may be…

*If you have been scammed by a similar offer in the Case Study Below or dodged a bullet by deciding not to be scammed, send us an email, we would…

Dear All (and those in the PPE business who pretend not to peek occasionally at my brutally honest blogs, just for fun and heart attacks). It is the end of…

Whoever is reading this blog or article, kindly consider this an appeal to your good senses. Any peddler, broker, intermediary or even a lawyer or some financial consulting company telling…

“Do you know, I always thought unicorns were fabulous monsters, too? I never saw one alive before!” Well, now that we have seen each other,” said the unicorn, “if you’ll…

Let’s just say, that I have never been a fan of ‘consulting’ and ‘sourcing’ companies and well, find their whole business model skeptical. However the year 2020 finally pushed me…

Happy Belated Halloween Folks! I am a month late here but what I continue to narrate in this series will scare you and maybe you will finally learn some social…

The Robin on the steeple Is singing to the People a Tissue, a Tissue We all Fall down “Ring a Ring o’ Roses” or “Ring a Ring o’ Rosie” is…

The Month of August 2020 finally brought us all the confirmation of the little doubt, which allowed unscrupulous brokers and intermediaries to employ the tools of LOI and POF to…

In the past many weeks, I may have written a dozen emails, replying out of pure good faith, to naive newbie PPE agents to avoid becoming the ‘drug mules’ of…

Standard Disclaimer: Now, let’s get a few things out of the way.I do not have any stock of Masks in my room, bathroom or basement I am hiding.There are no 20…

I have seen many well meaning PPE providers and business people offering genuine 3M1860 masks to medical providers in South Africa lose business over the last 4 months to Counterfeit…

In our 6 months of struggles within the PPE industry and legal services involving large PPE sourcing and procurement contracts, there are two gentlemen who believed in our cause and…

Fake 3M N95 and other Respirators are a threat to Medical workers and Frontline Workers Please raise awareness on this topic.When you buy 3M respirators from an Authorised 3M distributor…

  There is a very good reason that powdered Nitrile Gloves should not be allowed to touch exposed tissue especially in healthcare settings. On December 19, 2016, the FDA published…

“A lie can travel around the world and back again while the truth is lacing up its boots.”—(not) Mark Twain.   Monetization policies on COVID-19 content for Youtube, Reddit ,…

Scammers will use photoshop and snake oil marketing lingo to sell dust as Gold and degrade Gold to dust. Such is the power of the the Advertising gurus of the…

  The CE certificate has been the subject of much debate and  attracted the ire of many enterprising Chinese business people, when the initial PPE imports from China began after…

  *We respect the 3M trademark and have no intention of using the 3M Mark on our website to show a contractual link or business affiliation wth the 3M Company…

*We respect the 3M trademark and have no intention of using the 3M Mark on our website to show a contractual link or business affiliation wth the 3M Company itself.We…

  Our firm’s activities in fighting PPE fraud and finding ways of funding legitimate small businesses serving the PPE and medical supplies sector have spanned a period of 6 months…

The doomsday scenario projected by the mismanagement of the COVID19 pandemic has allowed the rampant abuse of people’s goodwill and fears by brokers and agents who have not only taken…

  *We respect the 3M trademark and have no intention of using the 3M Mark on our website to show a contractual link or business affiliation wth the 3M Company…

In the wake of the complications created by the COVID19 infection in Pakistan, the  federal government has extended the validity of visa for foreign nationals stranded in Pakistan till the…

Josh and Mak International understands and acknowledges that , law firms are amongst the key stakeholders with a key social responsibility in ensuring that life can stay bearable and functional for small…

In these challenging times, we are dedicated to supporting small businesses in Pakistan and around the world. If you are facing any issues related to contracts, debt consolidation, debt recovery,…

The unfortunate event of an employee’s death can bring about emotional distress and present various practical legal challenges in the workplace, particularly if the employee had access to crucial documentation…

Every year, we receive numerous queries from foreign companies who feel they have been unfairly treated by local state departments in Pakistan during the bidding process for local contracts. The…

At Josh and Mak International, we understand the attractiveness of Pakistan as a jurisdiction for bidding on procurement contracts, particularly for our clients operating internationally with corporate seats in key…

As the real estate market in Pakistan continues to attract overseas Pakistanis, it is crucial to address the concerns and challenges they face when buying or selling property. At our…

Don’t leave your contracts to chance! Getting your contract reviewed by legal experts has never been easier. Simply reach out to us at aemen@joshandmak.com. Our team will promptly respond to…

Client Query 183:- Hi, wanted to ask that in case of contracts for hiring of services, specifically for outsourced staff, is it allowed to incorporate in tender documents for Annual…

Client Query 182:- Hi, Wanted to ask that can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tender?   Bilal Ahmed, USA Answer:- Thank you very much for writing…

Client Query 181:-  Hi, how are you? Wanted to ask that can seek additional documents during technical evaluation, when bids are invited according to Single stage- two-envelope procedure 36(b)?   Nasir…

Client Query 180:- Hello, We intend to purchase a couple of horses for our riding school at the Academy. Tenders were held twice but no one could fulfill the criteria. Army…

Client Query 179:- Hello, hope all is well at your end. Wanted to discuss that, it is submitted that for hiring of janitorial services, tender was publicized with the procurement method…

Client Query 178:- Hi, wanted to ask that if bids are invited according to rule 36 (b) where in technical bids have been opened and forwarded for technical evaluation according to…

Client Query 177:- Hi, wanted to ask that if the selected supplier fails to provide samples and does not or is hesitant to abide by the terms and conditions, we…

Client Query 176:- Hi, Wanted to ask that if bids invited through Rule 36(b) and during technical evaluation , can procuring agency seek additional or supplementary documents actually required through…

Client Query 175:- Hi, Hope all is well at your end. Wanted to discuss a scenario with you. Actually there was an organisation which was unable to open the technical bids,…

Client Query 174:-Hi, Hope all is well at your end? Can you please intimate rule to cancel the invitation to tender before its opening?   Nida Salman, UK   Answer:-…

Client Query 173:- Hi, wanted to ask that can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tender?   Rafay Zaman, USA   Answer:-Thank you for writing to us.…

Client Query 172:- Hi, Hope all is well at your end. Wanted to ask that can one seek additional documents during technical evaluation, when bids are invited according to Single…

Client Query 171:- Hi, wanted to discuss a scenario with you. Initially supply order for 126 items was awarded. Now the department wants to revise this initially awarded supply order by awarding…

Client Query 170:- Hello, we intend to purchase a couple of horses for our riding school at the Academy. Tenders were held twice but no one could fulfill the criteria. Anyhow,…

Client Query 169:- Hi, Hope all is well at your end? It is submitted that for hiring of janitorial services, tender was publicized with the procurement method of single stage two…

Client Query 168:- Hi, wanted to discuss that bids invited according to rule 36 (b) where in technical bids have been opened and forwarded for technical evaluation according to prescribed…

Client Query 167:- Hi, wanted to ask that is there any grace period allowed in any of the PPRA Rules?   Awais Haider, USA Answer:- Thank you very much for…

Client Query 166:- Hi, wanted to ask that is it a must to issue bidding document to a firm, already per qualified for the project by a procuring agency or no?…

Client Query 164:-Hi, wanted to ask that if the selected supplier fails to provide samples and does not or is hesitant to abide by the terms and conditions, we should…

Client Query 163:- Hi, wanted to ask that is a Procuring Agency reserve the right to increase or decrease the quantity?   Fayyaz Ahmed, Spain   Answer:- Thank you for writing…

Client Query 162:- Hi, Wanted to ask that if, Bids are invited through Rule 36(b) and during technical evaluation then can a procuring agency seek additional or supplementary documents actually…

Client Query 161:- Hi, Can you please intimate a rule to cancel the invitation to tender before its opening?   Usman Haroon, UK Answer:- Thank you for writing to us. As per…

Client Query 160:- Hi, wanted to discuss that if a procurement agency enters in a contract to purchase I.T Equipment from a local supplier (which is partner of an international…

Client Query 159:-Hi, wanted to ask that in case of Negotiated Tendering procurement method, can procuring agency hold technical discussions and price negotiations with at least one bidder (lowest cost bidder),…

Client Query 158:- HI, wanted to ask in order for placing tenders in the press for appointment of General Sales Agents for Passengers and Cargo abroad, is it a mandatory…

Client Query 157:- Hi, wanted to ask that can a procuring agency prequalify suppliers/contractors for goods of miscellaneous items (separately for stationary items, computer consumables, furniture fixtures, sports items etc.)…

Client Query 156:- Hi, can you please guide me the procedure of PPRA that if we want to purchase electronic equipment on urgent basis as in TV station, etc. So do we…

Client Query 155:- Hi, wanted to ask that after pre-qualification of suppliers and contractors for goods of miscellaneous items i.e. stationary, computer consumables, furniture fixtures, sports items etc., do we…

Client Query 154:- Hi, wanted to ask that can any bidder, demand-bidding file after lapse of one year on plea to refer rule 47, even if it was published according…

Client Query 153:- Hi, wanted to ask that for how much period, services agreement can be made with a party according to PPRA Rules? Thanks   Mohsin Awan, UK   Answer:-…

Client Query 152:- Hi, wanted to discuss that a firm has forwarded its technical proposal for a case study required by Pakistan. If this firm gets highest marks and on the…

Client Query 151:- Hi, Wanted to ask that we had given a tender notice for construction of two buildings, and received bids in result. After opening of bids we want to…

Client Query 150:- Hi, wanted to ask that if the method adopted for bidding was on least cost basis, the rate offered for new works i.e. one rate & other three…

Client Query 149:- Hi, hope all is well at your end! We have invited separate technical and commercial bids through competitive bidding for construction works. However, during technical evaluation stage…

Client Query  148:- Hi, would you kindly advise applicability of PPRA on obtaining legal services or hiring of Attorney? Keeping in view of its emergent requirement according to varying nature…

Client Query 147:- Hi, wanted to ask that one of the Public Company floated the tender in year 2015, both technical & commercial envelopes was also opened, then tender was cancelled…

Client Query 146:- Hi, as per Rule-40 of PPRA Rules, negotiation is not admissible. In this connection it may be advised whether a lowest bidder can offer discount in his bid…

Client Query 145:- Hi, wanted to ask can you please let us know if a procuring agency can set its limit up to 5-lac for quotation works. Thanks!   Adnan…

Client Query 144:- Hello, wanted to ask that can a procuring agency will invite the Bids from experienced firms in accordance with scope of work? Please if you could guide!…

Client Query 143:- Hi, Can you please guide us if a procouring agency announces bid evaluation report on the 10th day of the month. As per PPRA rule 35 may he…

Client Query 142:- Hi, wanted to discuss a scenario with you that PPL is pioneer of the Natural Gas Industry in the country and has been a frontline player in the…

Client Query 141:- Hi, Hope you doing well. Wanted to ask that in normal procurement process of Public Sector Organizations, where 25% increase and decrease of purchase order quantity clause…

Client Query 140:- Hi, wanted to discuss a scenario with you! Actually if we see that in oil & gas fields the cash purchase committees are constituted to meet the emergent…

Client Query 139:- Hi, wanted to confirm that is the performance guarantee in shape of Insurance Bond from AA rating company acceptable for provision of consultancy services?   Nasir Riaz, UK…

Client Query 138:- Hi, wanted to ask that if a firm/company or any other supplier is blacklisted by a government department/organization permanently or temporarily , then what shall be the…

Client Query 137:- Hi, wanted to ask that in case of Negotiated Tendering procurement method, can procuring agency hold technical discussions and price negotiations with Principal Supplier who did not…

Client Query 136:- Hi, wanted to ask that after opening financial bids, can a bidder ask to announce the each item rates of the lowest bidder and that of the…

Client Query 135:- Hi, hope all is well at your end! We intend to pre-qualify contractors for hiring of temporary manpower services. For inviting applications for prequalification, please guide on…

Client Query 134:- Hi, Under National or International Competitive Bidding can a procuring agency award contract for High-Tech Equipment/Machines along with their yearly Service Level Agreement (SLA) for maintenance and…

Client Query 133:- Hi, you are requested to guide us if any PPRA Rule allowed us to consider quotations by email or suggest any other alternate to proceed further. Your…

Client Query 132:- Hello, can you please guide in accordance to PPRA rules that either we declare the bid as non responsive or responsive if the bidder has quoted two options…

Client Query 131:- Hi, wanted to ask that is it permissible in accordance with Public Procurement Regulation 2004 , to invite bids from particular companies or institutions , whereas same services…

Client Query 130:- Hi, wanted to ask that as per PPRA Rules what are the criteria for Direct Contracting? Locally as well as internationally? Thanks   Jehanzeb Aftab, UK  …

Client Query 129:- Hi, Hope everything is well at your end? We had advertised for the construction of animal shed, only one bid was received on closing date. On evaluation of…

Client Query 128:- Hi, wanted to ask that for our different jobs, both in office and field, we always require services of skilled, semi skilled and non-skilled manpower. And these…

Client Query 127:- Hi, wanted to discuss a scenario with you for which wanted advice. Actually request for Quotation under PPRA Rule (42)(b), atleast three quotations are required to be…

Client Query 126:-  Hi, hope you doing? Wanted to ask that in normal procurement practices the public entities follow the PPRA Rules 2004 for purchasing goods, works and services? In addition,…

Client Query 125:- Hi, wanted to ask few things from your firm. Hope you could guide at your best! Can we mention a brand name with the word “or equivalent”? Also…

Client Query 124:- Greetings! Hope all is well at your end! Wanted to take advice from you that if bid security is less for example Rs.200/- less than the bid price!…

Client Query 123:- Hi, wanted to ask that what Standard bidding document will be used for a store supply contract? Thanks   Rida Jamal, USA   Answer:-  Thank you for…

Client Query 122:- Hi, wanted to confirm that if a firm is black listed by any “Procuring Agency”, then can this firm be allowed to participate in the tenders of…

Client Query 121:- Hi, wanted to ask that if after opening of the bid & before award of work scope of work has been slightly changed for example 90 meter…

Client Query 120:- Hello, wanted to clarify that according to Rule 45 (Closing of Contract), where stated that “Defect liability or maintenance by the contractor as specified in terms of…

Client Query 119:- Hi, Hope everything is well at your end? As per the PPRA Rules can you confirm that for running official business in safe and secure area a…

Client Query 118:- Hi, our organisation is faced with a situation! If you could please guide your best! Actually our organisation is under services provision contract. Situation is as under:- Tenders…

Client Query 117:- Hi, wanted to ask that if anyone advertises as per PPRA rules then can one designate just one brand? Thanks   Sidra Jamal, USA Answer:- Thank you for writing…

Client Query 116:- Hi, how are you? We wanted your legal help from your expertise! Actually we are a trading company, doing machine tool business since 2000. We mostly take participation…

Client Query 115:- Hi, Hope you having a good day! Can you please guide us that can can we buy used/refurbished RAMs under the Government Rules or PPRA rules? Actually we…

Client Query 114:- Hi, wanted to ask that from where can I get registration number of my firm? So that I can login at this site?   Bilal Ausaf, UK   Answer:-…

Client Query 113:- Hi, wanted to discuss a case of a leading Call Centre. Actually there is one International company which is the leading Call Centre solution provider in the…

Client Query 112:- Salam, wanted to discuss a scenario with your firm so that you could guide with your expert advice. Actually GEPCO opened a tender in which 4 firms participated…

Client Query 111:- Hi, wanted to have some PPRA guidance for an issue. Actually there were tenders which were advertised through print & electronic media (PPRA & PIA websites). Opening date…

Client Query 110:- Hi, wanted to ask if we want to hire a canteen contractor for the office and no organizational budget is involved in it. The contractor will simply…

Client Query 109:- Hi, Hope everything is fine at your end! Wanted to ask that while opening tenders on fix date according to PPRA Rules-2004 if only one quotation received whether…

Client Query 108:- Hello, wanted to ask that can a procuring agency increase or decrease the quantity of goods to be procured if this condition is present in the bidding…

Client Query 107:- Hello wanted to discuss a scenario with your firm so that we can get the best point of view from your experts. Now if a tender term was…

Client Query 106:- Hi wanted to ask that in order to meet ongoing Human Resource requirements through outsourcing arrangement, can a procuring agency hire services of a firm through open…

Client Query 105:- Hi, wanted to discuss a scenario with you and take your expert opinion! Now a tender was floated in press and PPRA website with an estimated amount of…

Client Query 104:- Hi, Wanted to ask that in order to meet ongoing operational requirements of existing Electrical/IT setups maintenance, can a procuring agency award a contract on “Indefinite Delivery…

Client Query 103:- Hi, wanted to ask that is it allowed to pay mobilization advance in case of software development, please. If yes, then what is the percentage?   Irum…

Client Query 102:- Hi, Wanted to discuss a scenario with you that we are following PPRA procurement of consultancy regulations 2010 for hiring of consultants for our office-building project. In…

Client Query 101:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to ask that Pakistan State Oil is a commercial organization, who have to sale and compete with multinational companies,…

Client Query 100:- Hi, hope you are well. If you could please advise if a bidder can quote two prices, one on FOR and other on FOB against an ICB…

Client Query 099:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to ask that if PIA has a contract with a vendor for VSAT Connectivity and the contract duration…

Client Query 098:– Hi, Can you please kindly intimate if mentioning various brand names (e.g. 5~6 different brands with healthier competition) in tender specifications for procurement of goods is allowed…

Client Query 097:- Hello, Hope you doing well. Can you please kindly intimate if it is mandatory in all circumstances to hear a bidder in person before temporary blacklisting for…

Client Query 096:- Hello! Wanted to ask that can we mention a brand name with the word “or equivalent”, for example Philips energy saver or equivalent? 2. Can we mention…

Client Query 095:- Hi, hope all is well at your end. Wanted to discuss that Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) appoints General Sales Agents (GSA) for selling air tickets. These appointments are made…

Client Query 094:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end? Wanted to ask from your experts that we intend to pre-qualify contractors for hiring of temporary manpower services. For…

It all started with the Data Breach from a Panama Law Firm.The  data leaked from the Panama Scandal also named and shamed many well-known politicians in Asia including the current…

Client Query 093:- Hi, Hope everything is fine at your end. Now wanted to ask that if a bid security is less for example less than the bid price then…

Client Query 092:-  Wanted to clarify that can a procuring agency increase or decrease the quantity of goods to be procured more than 15% if this condition is present in…

Client Query 091:- Hi, Hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to ask that is the department competent to charge the document fee? What will be the rate of…

Client Query 090:- Hi, wanted to ask that after opening financial bids, can a bidder ask to announce the each item rates of the lowest bidder and the winning bidder?…

Client Query 089:- Salamz, hope you doing well. Wanted to ask that since our organization falls under the government of Pakistan Department! So can we purchase used and second hand…

Client Query 088:- Hi, Can you please suggest that is it mandatory to upload tender detail on PPRA website & Company website or otherwise for Alternative method of Procurement items value…

Client Query 087:- Hello, wanted to ask that before deadline of bid opening date, for how many days a bidder can apply for time extension?   Hina Arsalan, Spain  …

Client Query 086:- Hello, hope you doing well. According to 36 (b) there is nothing mentioned about minimum time period for opening Financial proposal so wanted to ask that can…

Client Query 085:-  Hi, if a tender procuring agency mentions the specifications of the equipment in bidding documents and during evaluation the procuring agency go beyond the specification mentioned in the…

Client Query 084:-  Hi, wanted to ask that if a procurement agency of international procurement imports the advertisement of the tender then should it be published in international or local…

Client Query 083:- Hi, wanted to ask that does an educational trust which is a non-profit organization fall under PPRA Rules?   Anwar Saeed, Pakistan   Answer:- Thank you for…

Client Query 082:- Hello, Wanted to ask that if a company has been black listed in a particular province and there is an evidence to it on the PPRA website…

Client Query 081:-  There is an XZY firm which is a commercial organization. Now it has to sale and compete with multinational companies, therefore it requires to publicize various products…

Client Query 080:- Hi, Wanted to discuss that we had received the purchase order against the clause of 42b after depositing the 5% security deposit of total value of purchase order.…

Client Query 079:- Salamz! Wanted to ask that if the authority thinks it is not necessary to advertise for procurement of up to two million, so shall we go for…

Client Query 078:- Hi, wanted to discuss about my company’s matter. Actually our company has recently advertised a civil work tender in which 9 firms have participated. At the time of opening…

Client Query 077:- Hi, hope all is well at your end. Wanted to ask that if some second hand or used item is required to be procured will it be…

Client Query 076:-  Hi, hope all is well at your end. Wanted to seek your advice that whether a procuring agency accepts a bid if the time for completion of…

Client Query 075:- Hello, we wanted to discuss a scenario with you! There was an employee of our company whom we terminated from company due to his misconduct. Now he…

Client Query 074:- Hello, wanted to ask that if any government department invites tender for any equipment then can the bidder offer more than one equipment.  For example if one…

Client Query 073:- Hello, wanted to ask that can we pre-qualify firms for the period of one or two years for designing and printing of promotional material such as calendars,…

Client Query 072:-  Hi, Wanted to ask that is there any standard mechanism to impose late delivery charges on vendor/suppliers as per PPRA rules? Thanks   Raza Jamil, Spain   Answer:-…

Client Query 071:- Salamz, I wanted to inquire that what shall be the procedure if some procuring agency wants to reduce the advertisement response time in case of local purchases,…

Client Query 070:-  Hello, hope all is well at your end! Wanted to discuss about our country. We had advertised pre-qualification notice in print and electronic media for procurement of…

Client Query 069:- Hello, can you please tell that during evaluation phase can the bidders be requested to extend the bid validity period for more than once, in successions, each…

Client Query 068:- Hi, Hope all is well. Wanted to ask that what is the procedure to post tender online on this web instead of giving it in the newspaper?…

Client Query 067:- Hi, wanted to ask that is it mandatory to mention the last date of submission in newspaper advertisement ? Actually due to some financially heavy procurement and…

Client Query 066:- Hi, can you please guide that what should be the proper method to deal with a situation under the guidelines of PPRA Rules & Regulations where a…

Client Query 065:- Hello, hope your day is going well? Wanted to ask that what course of action will be adopted by the procuring agency when the lowest quoted price…

Client Query 064:- Hello, wanted to ask that can a procuring agency rectify and correct the arithmetical error of submitted financial bids as per the set forth conditions in the…

Client Query 063:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end! I wanted to have a guideline from your firm regarding a bid! Now our office has received a bid…

Client Query 062:-  Hello, Hope this finds you well. Wanted to discuss that as per Rule 42 of PPRA provides alternate methods of procurement like petty cash, RFQ, direct contracting, repeat…

Client Query 061:-  Hello, Hope you doing well. Wanted to ask that our company have processed a tender enquiry on open competitive bidding basis and said tender enquiry was not advertised. The…

Client Query 060:- Hi, Can you please guide if we can proceed further to finalize tender enquiry when we have processed a tender enquiry with a cost estimation for Rs.…

Client Query 059:- Hello, hope everything is fine at your end. According to PPRA Rule can you please confirm about disposal of waste iron bill board and hiring of rental…

Client Query 058:- Hello, hope everything is fine at your end. As per the direct contracting clause 42(c)(ii), can the contract be given to a specific newspaper or magazine namely X,Y, Z,…

Client Query 057:- Hi, wanted to ask that there is a contract signed as result of Press Tender in open competition for services. In contract it is clearly mentioned that it…

 Client Query 056:- Hello, Hope everything is well at your end! Please advise whether the second lowest bidder can be awarded contract in case the lowest bidder is not willing to…

Client Query 055:- Hello, Hope all is well at your end! With reference to Rule 42 (b), wanted to ask whether we can refer to specific model for standard specifications…

Client Query 054:- Hello, wanted an advice regarding the new instructions received from NAB telling about the invitation to bid. We wanted to clarify few ambiguities such as whether we can…

Client Query 053:- Hi, hope everything is well. We wanted some legal help from the legal experts of your firm. Actually, in compliance on the directions of Government of Pakistan, NTC…

Client Query 052:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end. Wanted a clarification over one thing from the expertise of your firm. We are under a holding company who…

Client Query 051:- Hi, Hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to clarify whether pre-qualification of firms along with their products remains valid for two years or pre-qualification of…

Client Query 050:- Hello, wanted to ask that is there any rule for its fixation or alternatively can it be done at a reasonable amount?   Bilal Ahmed, Spain  …

Client Query 049:- Hello, hope everything is fine. Wanted to ask that we intent to buy and purchase some products from our holding company that owns 100% shares of our…

Client Query 048:- Hello, wanted an opinion based on what does PPRA say on a certain situation which as an organization are currently dealing with! Actually we are to procure…

Client Query 047:- Hello, Hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to clarify some ambiguities on the work we are doing. We are issuing different contracts for goods &…

Client Query 046:- Hi, Wanted to discuss a query from the experts of your firm. We are actually entering into limited tendering for procurement of sensitive parts and have selected…

Client Query 045:- Hello, wanted to discuss a scenario with the experts of your firm. Now it has been seen that in most of the procurement processes, that we follow…

Client Query 044:- Hi, wanted to ask that what are the rules for forfeiting an earnest money?   Jamshed Khan, New York   Answer:- Thankyou for writing to us. As…

Client Query 043:- Hello, wanted to discuss that a case for the procurement of an item received with estimated cost of PKR 90,000/-. In response 03 quotations were received. Lowest…

Client Query 042:- Hello, hope all is well at your end? I wanted to discuss a matter with you that a Project Office has to be processed through Single Stage…

Client Query 041:- Hello, Hope all is well. Wanted to discuss about an organization which is a non-profit organization under Societies Act 1860 and operational since 2009. It is governed…

Client Query 040:- Hi, Hope everything is well at your end! Wanted to clarify some points regarding Single Stage Two Envelope Procedure! Wanted to ask that after completing the Evaluation…

Client Query 039:- Salamz, Hope you doing well. Wanted your expert advice for a query of mine! I wanted to ask that while requesting quotations from the market for all…

Client Query 038:- Hello, Hope you doing well. Wanted to ask that, in single stage, single envelope Tender, there were Nine firms participated in the bid out of which two…

Client Query 037:- Hi, wanted to clarify one situation that if the lowest financial bidders are more than one for example bidders X, Y, Z who have also quoted the…

Client Query 036:- Hi, I wanted some information regarding bidders participating in a particular tender. Now three Bidders were participated in a single tender. However, due to some issues inquiry…

Client Query 035:- Hello,How are you? I had a query with reference to the Pakistani newspapers! I wanted to ask that what sort of tender is to publish for the…

Client Query 034:- Hello, Hope you doing well. Wanted to ask that for a small civil works project if the consultancy charges is less than Rs 0.5 Million, is it…

Client Query 033:- Hello, Hope all is well at your end! Wanted to ask something that according to Direct Contracting rule 42 c (ii) of PPR-2004  can a procuring agency…

Client Query 032:- Salamz, How are you? Wanted some clarification from you on the status of bids. I will state a situation in front of you so that you can…

Client Query 031:- Hello, hope all is well at your end? Wanted to ask that what happens in an emergency breakdown at work? Can a procuring agency invite the Bids…

Client Query 030:- Greetings! Hope all is well. I heard very good reviews about your law firm and hence thought of writing to you with my query as well. Wanted…

Client Query 029:- Hello, Hope everything is fine at your end. Wanted to clarify one thing that, it is mentioned that SNGPL and SSGCL both intends to hire consultancy services…

Client Query 028:- Greetings! Wanted to ask that, according to Public procurement Rules, 2004 allow direct contracting for procurement of certain items/stores under alternate methods of procurement as specified in…

Client Query 027:- Hi, hope all is well at your end! Wanted to ask that, in open or limited tendering, if we mention in our tender document that we need…

Client Query 026:- Hello, I wanted to discuss a query of mine! Wanted to ask that in civil works if the prices quoted by the pre-qualified firms exceed the engineer…

Client Query 025:- Hello, Hope everything is fine at your end. I wanted some clarification from you over one matter. I wanted to ask that, if a procuring agency feels…

Client Query 024:- Greetings!! Hope everything is well at your end. Wanted to ask that is it possible that a procuring agency accept voluntary rebate from pre-qualified vendors/firms after the…

Client Query 023:-Hello hope you doing well. While uploading the tender there is a field “estimated cost” in the tender form. Can we mention the estimated cost? Is it a…

Client Query 022:- Hello, hope all is well at your end. Wanted to discuss a query from you.  NADRA issued a Purchase Order for renovation work after processing an open…

Client Query 021:-Hello, hope everything is well. Wanted to have an expedite reply from the expertise of your law firm. We had a contract with the firm for the provision…

Client Query 020:- Greetings! With reference to my previous query, I would like to ask that, in two-stage two-envelope bidding procedure is it mandatory to announce Technical evaluation result scores…

Client Query 019:- Greetings! Hope all is well. Wanted to discuss one scenario with you. We practice Single Stage-Two Envelope Bidding procedure. In one of our tender, four bidders participated.…

Client Query 018:- Hello! Wanted a clarification on one thing. We have clearly mentioned in our tender document that supplier must attach tender fee with technical quotations/offers. Can we accept…

Client Query 017:- Can we mention estimated price on Advertisement/Tender Documents for Hiring of firms for Janitorial Services and Hiring of Security Guards?   Sadia Naz, UK   Answer:- Thank…

Client Query 016:- Hello, hope everything is well at your end. We wanted to clarify one thing that once having gone through the process of pre-qualification as per the PPRA…

Client Query 015:- Greetings!! Kindly clarify that in a Single Stage Two Envelope Tender process, if the Bid Validity Period of Bids was given as 120 days from the date…

Client Query 014:- Greetings! Hope all is well. My query is that is a bidder allowed to offer enhancement on the total amount of bid which has been submitted already?…

Client Query 013:- Hello, Hope you doing well. Please if you could clarify that according to PPRA rules if a bid with two or more options against one item is…

Client Query 012:- Salamz, hope all is well. Wanted to inquire that can the repair of maintenance of official vehicle from authorized company workshop is right or adopting the PPRA…

Client Query 011:- Hope your day is going well. Wanted to ask that when a procurement agency accepts the bid then (how many days) can procurement agency given the last…

Client Query 010:- Hi, hope you doing well. We wanted to sign a contract with engineering consultancy firm for consultancy services of a infrastructure development project. This project is running…

Client Query 009:- Hi, hope you doing well. Wanted to clarify that it has been stated that M/S ‘A’ was awarded order for Manufacture & supply of 03 Units Fire…

Client Query 008:-  Greetings! Hope your day is going well. Wanted to ask that a government organization called for DDP/FOR terms only, but, accepted FOB offers as well from foreign…

Client Query 007:- Hello, wanted to have some clarification that if a vendor was awarded Purchase order after tender for 50x printers and 100x tonners. Now vendor has given a…

Client Query 006:- Hello, wanted to ask that can a procuring agency procure laptops, desktop computers, printers, scanners, etc. by using brand name with the word or equivalent in the…

Client Query 005:- We wanted to ask that can a procuring agency while engaging in civil works/renovation work mention that bidders who have worked certain number of years with our…

Client Query 004 Hello, we wanted some confirmation and clearance about one matter. Now According to PPRA Rule 39, the organization seeks in the Bidding Documents 05 to 10% as…

Client Query 003 Hello we have a query for which we need your kind assistance. It has been seen  that PTVC advertised tenders from interested parties for construction work about…

Client Query 002 Hello, we were recently involved in bidding and are wondering if a government procuring agency floated a tender for requirement of certain quantities of a product/equipment then…

Client Query 001 Hello, we are trying to set up a business in Pakistan. If we have mentioned the unit price then an organization might has floated the tender for…

The Federal Ministry of Water and Power governs the electricity policy and the Federal MPNR governs the policy guidelines of the coal, oil and gas sectors. Alternate energy policies are…

When engaging in property transactions in Pakistan, conducting thorough legal due diligence is essential to ensure transparency, mitigate risks, and protect your interests. At Josh and Mak International, a leading…

Employers in Pakistan often face the dilemma of vetting prospective candidates through social media platforms, balancing the benefits of gaining valuable insights with the legal and ethical implications. This legal…

As a foreign EPC contractor intending to establish a legal entity in Lahore, Pakistan, to conduct EPC contracting business (residential and commercial buildings, waste water treatment, road, power, railways buildings),…

Introduction While Pakistan is one of the best locations for setting up a mining business, the lack of a solid legal framework results in a nuanced situation for foreign investors.…

In this publication we have provided an analysis of the critical differences manifesting between the new Companies Ordinance 2016 and the now repealed Companies Ordinance 1984. It is highly recommended…

At Josh and Mak International, we are excited to introduce our new specialist service in Competitive Bid Writing and Bid Management. As one of the leading teams of Procurement Consultants…

The article examines the distinction between the Right of Lien and the Right of Retention in construction and energy contracts, both in Pakistan and international jurisdictions. While these terms are…

The dispute between Pakistani Provincial authorities and the Federation regarding the 18th (eighteenth) amendment upon the Constitution of Pakistan has already been creating hindrances in gas and oil exploration activities…

In the realm of dispute resolution, court proceedings are often seen as the default option. However, it is crucial to consider alternative avenues such as mediation and reconciliation before embarking…

In the ever-evolving landscape of company taxation, the intricacies can be overwhelming. Laws change frequently, and compliance is paramount. This is precisely why enlisting the services of a reputable legal…

In the context of Pakistani law, it is well-established that courts generally avoid awarding specific performance in personal services contracts. Despite this, some lawyers still insist on including specific performance…

By Barrister Aemen Zulfikar Maluka  It is common to encounter, during contract review requests by clients, a contractor request for a limitation on liability for “intentional or criminal misconduct or…

What does the Pakistan Real Estate, Landlord, and Tenant Law Actually Consist Of? The answer to this question is neither simple nor easy to understand given the complex terminologies you…

20th of July, 2023 Important Message for Overseas Pakistanis: Beware of Online Misinformation Regarding Property Tax It has come to our attention that there is a lot of misinformation circulating…

This is one of the most common queries we get from our clients and it is probably a question which has caused a lot confusion for start-ups, especially in the…

Dishonoring of Cheque – A Criminal Offence in Pakistan A dishonored cheque is one that, when presented for payment, is refused by the bank due to insufficient funds or non-compliance…

A charitable or non-profit association with the aim of promoting health, social welfare, and charity can be established as a public company with limited liability under Section 42 of the…

NGO/NPO/Charities Registration in Pakistan Understanding the evolving legal framework for not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan Over the past five years, Pakistan has witnessed significant changes to…

When seeking legal advice and representation in Pakistan, it’s essential to find a good lawyer who possesses the right qualities to handle your case effectively. With numerous law firms in…

Due to the overwhelming amount of queries, we keep getting, we have set out a basic guide for setting up a petrol pump in Pakistan. If you wish to Open…

This law article synopsis discusses a significant legal case (details below) where three Divisional Accounts Officers (DAO) filed a Writ Petition to challenge unfair transfers. The petitioners were posted as…

NAB related Writ Petition for suspension of sentence as the provisions of Section 426 Cr. P.C are not applicable for seeking such relief in NAB cases The client approached us…

The Josh and Mak team thanks Mr Andrew Walker from ‪#‎Interfax Natural Gas Daily for the interview this week regarding the news that ‪#‎Excelerate in Bangladesh has secured $500 million…

Find out about Pakistani  Tax Law Provisions Concerning International Taxation Call +92-300-5075993 Email: pirwahid@joshandmak.com This article is only meant to inform/guide our current and prospective clientele.The Federal Government has made…

There is nobody better than the expert team at Josh and Mak International to guide you through the minefield that are the customs and trade remedy laws in Pakistan! Granted,…

Resolved Cases Series: Matter involving Promotion of Civil Servant in Pakistan. Case Resolved: Petitioner’s Promotion Matter In June 2016, the client, a dedicated Director (BS-20) with a prominent federal institution,…

Inheritance Matters and Property Due Diligence for a party of Pakistani Citizens in Italy: Land Registry Documents Analysis Summary of Opinion Introduction: In this final opinion document, we provide a…

 Mediation Law in Pakistan Pakistan is not a signatory on any international treaties pertaining to mediation. The mediation law in our country is not based on any of these treaties…

Online Email Query No-0997: Our company is planning to expand in Pakistan by establishing subsidiary and start oil and gas exploration work with our own technologies. In order to begin the process we are…

The Interplay of Civil and Criminal Proceedings: A Review of Judicial Perspectives Introduction: In the realm of legal proceedings, the interaction between civil and criminal cases can lead to intricate…

Suits for Declaration and Permanent Injunction An injunction is a judicial process whereby a party is required to do or refrain from doing a particular act. There are two main…

This Opinion involving due diligence of the land has been published with the consent of our client, and names and identities have been concealed to respect their privacy. If you…

2013 P T D 1883 [Lahore High Court] NISHAT DAIRY (PVT.) LTD. through Company Secretary Versus COMMISSIONER INLAND REVENUE and 4 others Writ Petition No.31925 of 2012, heard on 25th…

Child Custody in Pakistan, FAQs, and relevant case law on Section 491 CrPc, Section 100 CrPc Section 12 and Section 25 of the Guardians and Wards Act, Pakistan (including other…

Key Takeaways for Pakistanis Filing for Divorce, Khula and Custody Matters in Pakistan when either of the parties are Abroad  The case law discussed above offers valuable insights for Pakistanis…

Contact request 98701 Client Question : We want to open Online payment Transfer Company in Pakistan, like Pay Pal, we need information relative license and cost and legal structure detail…

Online Legal Advice with Josh and Mak International In today’s digital age, the world has witnessed a transformative shift in the accessibility of legal services. The Internet has opened doors…

If you are a regular Facebook user you cannot fail to have noticed the plethora of ‘Be Like Bill’ memes which have been cluttering up your newsfeeds. While these look…

Barrister Aemen Zulfikar Maluka, our Founding Partner,  has been interviewed again this week by the well-known energy publication, Interfax Energy regarding the LNG supply deal for Pakistan- possibly going to…

It has been reported that a group of Pakistani clerics have declared that marriage between transgender persons is permitted in Islam and that also have the right to a ceremonial…

With the UK surprisingly voting to leave the EU on the 23rd June, a huge level of complexity is expected to be introduced into a corporate tax system that is…

A federal appellate has decided that we need the Internet. The US Court of Appeal for the District of Colombia has found that the Federal Communications Commission’s stringent regulation of…

Although it’s unlikely, Bitcoin may well disappear in a couple of years. It’s technology, however, is still one of the most important developments in recent times and it’s very likely…

Update June 2023: Filing for Trademark Registration in Pakistan is Now Online! Introduction to filing online trademarks in Pakistan : In a groundbreaking development for Intellectual Property (IP) applicants and…

The Latest News on Developments pertaining to Energy Law in Pakistan Energy Law in Pakistan; there are many areas in Pakistan for which it has been confirmed that they are…

This is a summary of some of the important changes that have been proposed within the Finance Bill 2016.This relates to Sales Tax, Income Tax and Federal Excise and Customs…

Legal Aspects Pertaining to Co-Sharer ( Co-owners /Joint Sharers of Land in Pakistan) In Pakistan, the concept of co-sharer of land is significant in cases where multiple individuals share ownership…

If you are planning to file or already in the process of filing a civil suit in Pakistan, understanding the basic legal points is crucial. In this blog, we have…

Section 115, Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, Civil Revision Revision. [(I) The High Court may call for the record of any case which has been decided by any Court subordinate]…

Update 2020 about ‘Pecuniary Jurisdiction of Islamabad High Court As per Sections 4 & 10 of CPC (Amendment) Act, 2020, Sections 6 & 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure,…

A common question which is often asked by our clients is whether they can have their pleadings amended.We understand that by nature this article is fairly technical so if you…

As a leading law firm in Pakistan, Josh and Mak International offers a comprehensive range of legal services related to the Law of Patents. Our expert team of patent attorneys…

Discover the Comprehensive Corporate Services of Josh and Mak International! At Josh and Mak International, we are dedicated to providing a wide range of exceptional corporate services to meet all…

No matter who you are—an author, composer, designer, inventor, etc.—you should understand the use of the internet. Most likely, users of the web should know that they would come into…

Q1: What is the minimum time you have to respond to procurement advertisements? Answer: In accordance with the terms listed the Public Procurement Ruled 2004 rule 13, the minimum response…

This blog is a brief overview of the issues which relate to telecom operators sharing a passive infrastructure. This term is generally applied to two operators bilaterally sharing such infrastructures…

The controversial cybercrime bill which caused mass uproar amongst civil society activists when the National Assembly passed it was, on Tuesday, presented to the upper house. This draft law, which…

This client guide aims to provide a concise overview of the Pakistani Legal System for the convenience of our readers, including members of the public and private clients. While the…

Last Friday Anwar Zaheer Jamali, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, turned down a request from the government to create a judicial commission aimed at probing the revelations which have surfaced…

There is nothing quite like a story or a myth to evoke emotional responses from humans. A loose definition of a myth is that is may or may not be…

The business consortium led by the Pakistan GasPort Ltd, a company within the Associated Group, has been named as the lowest bidder from those tenders submitted by investors expressing an…

This article is for basic guidance of our clients only.For more information, please email us at aemen@joshandmak.com Many people have been curious about the nature of employment within the Islamic…

Do you need Legal Advice on the Power Sector in Pakistan? Do you need help with NEPRA Licensing and NEPRA Tariff Petitions? We also advise extensively on  Water and Power…

We have successfully dealt with numerous companies who specialize in the exportation of of the following items from Pakistan, and our impressive list is growing all the time; • Textiles,…

At Josh and Mak International, we understand the importance of environmental protection and sustainability in Pakistan. With growing concerns about the environment, it has become crucial for individuals, businesses, and…

The Pakistani customs laws can be very confusing for those entering the import/export business or those who aren’t clear on the latest regulations. At Josh and Mak we have worked…

Any foreigner who has been granted a naturalization certificate under the naturalization Act 1926 is registered as a citizen of Pakistan under section 9 of the Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951…

Whether your business is large or small, at Josh and Mak International our role is to facilitate your company’s continuing growth and expansion. Our goal is to anticipate and prevent…

Arbitration is a legal process which takes place outside of the courts, but which still results in a final and legally binding decision similar to a court judgment. Parties involved…