Commentary: Finance Act 2024
The Finance Bill, 2024, presented in the National Assembly on June 12, 2024, and subsequently passed as the Finance Act, 2024, on June 28, 2024, introduces significant amendments to Pakistan’s…
Know the difference between Errors and Mistakes in Civil Service Promotions
In the context of civil service, promotions are critical milestones that not only recognise the accomplishments and seniority of government employees but also define their career trajectories and entitlements. However,…
Strategic Legal Advice on the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1925
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925, represents a cornerstone of maritime law in Pakistan, incorporating the Hague Rules to govern the rights, obligations, and liabilities of carriers and…
Predatory Tactics of Foreign Companies and Sales Agents in Pakistan’s Real Estate Market: Your 101 Guide
With Pakistan’s real estate market expanding, foreign companies and their sales agents are increasingly targeting investors looking to purchase property in Pakistan. Unfortunately, many of these overseas entities employ predatory…
A Legal Primer on Cross-Examination in Civil Proceedings
Cross-examination is a procedural mechanism in legal trials where one party questions a witness presented by the opposing party. It is conducted after the examination-in-chief (the witness’s initial testimony). The…
A Legal Primer for Defendants & Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Property Transfer Cases
In property transfer cases in Pakistan, cross-examination plays a pivotal role in determining the credibility of claims and evidence. The burden of proof rests on the party asserting a fact,…
A Legal Primer for Defendants and Plaintiffs Facing Cross-Examination in Family Court Proceedings
Cross-examination in family court is a pivotal stage where evidence and credibility are tested. Whether you are a plaintiff or a defendant, understanding the rules, strategies, and techniques can significantly…
A Review of the Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) and the Electronic Fund Transfers Regulations (2008)
The Payment Systems and Electronic Fund Transfers Act, 2007 (PS&EFT Act) serves as the cornerstone for regulating payment systems and electronic fund transfers in Pakistan. Since its enactment, the State…
Legal Framework Governing Credit Card Disputes in Pakistan
The legal landscape surrounding credit card disputes in Pakistan is a complex interplay of statutory provisions, regulatory guidelines, and judicial precedents aimed at balancing the rights and responsibilities of cardholders,…
A Legal Primer on the Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016
The Regulations for Payment Card Security, 2016, issued by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), aim to ensure the safety, resilience, and consumer confidence in payment systems. These regulations are…
Execution Orders in Civil Litigation: Attachment, Auction, and Objection Rights
In civil litigation, execution orders serve as powerful mechanisms to ensure that judgments are not merely symbolic but have real, enforceable consequences. Yet, with power comes complexity: questions of ownership,…
Double Taxation Treaties (DTTs) of Pakistan
Double taxation refers to the situation where the same income is taxed in two different jurisdictions. This typically occurs in international contexts, where a person or business earns income in…
Your 101 Guide to Ejectment and Eviction Petitions in Pakistan
The key differences between eviction and ejectment petitions, as discerned from the legal analysis and current Pakistani case law, lie in their underlying principles, procedures, and contexts in which they…
Starlink comes to Pakistan
Starlink’s operations in Pakistan face significant regulatory challenges despite the recent granting of a license by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). Although the license marks a step forward, several hurdles…
Cheques and Signatures
The legal treatment of cheques in Pakistan is a subject governed by various provisions under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. One of the central…
Enforceability of Iqrarnama in Pakistan and its Role in Family, Property, and Financial Disputes
Iqrarnama in the Pakistan legal system is a formal written document that serves as a binding declaration or agreement between two or more parties. It is used to document commitments,…
Seniority in Civil Service Law
Seniority disputes in civil service are a common and critical issue, as the determination of seniority impacts promotions, postings, and other career advancements for government employees. The legal framework governing…
Factors to Consider When Contracting Insurance for War Zone Areas
Contracting insurance for operations in war zone areas requires meticulous attention to detail due to the unique risks involved. With evolving geopolitical tensions and the complexities of conflict environments, securing…
Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005
Introduction: Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act, 2005, is a crucial aspect of consumer rights law in Pakistan. It governs the responsibility of manufacturers, distributors, and sellers for any…
A Primer on Consumer Court Jurisdiction in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand that navigating consumer rights and understanding the jurisdiction of Consumer Courts in Pakistan can be challenging. This primer is designed to provide a…
Law on Attachment of Property in Pakistan
The law of attachment of property in Pakistan forms a critical component of the country’s legal system, playing a vital role in the enforcement of court judgments, decrees, and orders.…
Key Legal Takeaways on Subletting for Commercial and Individual Landlords and Tenants: Case Law Insights
Subletting occurs when a tenant, who has rented property from a landlord, transfers a portion or all of their tenancy rights to a third party, known as a subtenant, without…
Is Binance Legal in Pakistan?
As of 2024, the legal status of Binance in Pakistan remains a contentious issue, firmly rooted in the broader debate over cryptocurrency’s legality in the country. The State Bank of…
Can Online Banking Fraud Victims in Pakistan Recover Their Lost Funds?
With the increasing reliance on digital platforms for financial transactions, instances of online banking fraud have surged in Pakistan. This unfortunate rise in fraud cases has left many banking customers…
Contractors, Employees and Malafide Outsourcing (Civil Petitions No.525-K to 541-K/2023)
This recent judgement discusses (1) Concept of outsourcing of tasks through contractor & the Toll Manufacturing (2) Circumvention of labour laws to save money (3) ILO Conventions No.87, 98 &…
Appeal in the Starbucks Case dismissed (Civil Appeal No.1011 of 2024)
The legal battle between Starbucks Corporation, USA, and Options International (SMC-Pvt.) Limited, a case that recently culminated in a significant judgment from the Supreme Court of Pakistan, provides a compelling…
Oral Agreements in Land Disputes (Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022)
In the context of the legal principles governing oral agreements, the judgment in Civil Petition No. 174-K of 2022 before the Supreme Court of Pakistan provides a comprehensive analysis of…
Case Comment (a) Whether simply passing a written examination and being invited for an interview establishes any legal right or legitimate expectation for the candidates regarding their selection or appointment. (b) Whether the outcome of an interview process can be legally challenged within the constitutional jurisdiction of the High Court (C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022)
Facts of the Case C.Ps.No. 154-K of 2022 and 166-K of 2022 The petitioners, Waheed Gul Khan and Mumtaz Ali, applied for employment in the Food Department of the Government…
Right to Appeal in Family Cases (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024)
The case “Syed Raheel Ahmed v. Mst. Syeda Zona Naqvi and others” (Civil Petition No. 473-K of 2024) is significant due to its implications on the interpretation and application of…
Natasha Iqbal Karachi Accident Case (Legal Aspects)
Updates as of 21st of September 2024 The Natasha Iqbal case, stemming from the fatal road accident on Karachi’s Karsaz Road in August 2024, has seen several important updates recently.…
Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension (O.M. No. F.13(16)-Reg.6/2017-516)
This article has been written to help in understanding the Rights of Divorced, Widowed, and Unmarried Daughters to Claim a Parent’s Pension: Insights from Legal Precedents and the 2018 Circular.The…
Case law on Absence from Duty in Civil Service
We get a lot of queries from Civil Servants on Absence from Duty and it’s legal implications for their careers. In the realm of civil service, the duty to uphold…
Recent Case Law on Misconduct and Penalties in Civil Service of Pakistan (updated to 2024)
Over the last five years, the law on misconduct and penalties in civil service has evolved to emphasize procedural fairness, proportionality of penalties, and the need for detailed reasoning in…
8 Misconceptions About Pakistani Law on Self-Defence
The defence of self-defence is a legal principle that allows an individual to use reasonable force to protect themselves or others from imminent harm. This defence justifies actions taken to…
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Review of Recent Cases
Judicial Attitudes to Corporate Governance in Pakistan: A Case Law Perspective Corporate governance in Pakistan has undergone significant evolution, driven by regulatory reforms and judicial interpretations aimed at enhancing transparency,…
7 Common Misconceptions about Placing People on the Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan
The Exit Control List (ECL) of Pakistan is a critical instrument employed by the government to restrict the movement of individuals deemed to be a threat to national security or…
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Legal Services for Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan-Discover #1 Unmatched Legal Expertise
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted partner for mergers and acquisitions in Pakistan. As a leading M&A law firm in Islamabad, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive legal…
What changes do the Companies Regulation 2024 bring to the Companies Act 2017 and connected regulation?
The Companies Regulations 2024 introduce significant amendments and enhancements to the Companies Act 2017, aimed at modernising corporate governance, improving compliance, and facilitating ease of doing business in Pakistan. Key…
Constitutional Framework for the Rights of Minorities in Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan includes several provisions to protect the rights of minorities in the country. Key articles and principles relevant to the protection of minority rights are outlined below:…
Proforma Promotion in Pakistani Law
Proforma promotion, within the context of Pakistani law, pertains to a retrospective elevation in rank and salary for employees who were eligible for promotion but were overlooked due to administrative…
Current Legal Framework of Human Trafficking in Pakistan
Human trafficking remains a significant issue globally, with Pakistan being no exception. The legal framework governing human trafficking in Pakistan comprises various statutes and international obligations aimed at combating this…
E-Signatures in Pakistan-Legal Framework
The legal framework for electronic signatures in Pakistan is primarily governed by the Electronic Transactions Ordinance, 2002 (ETO 2002). This ordinance provides the foundation for the recognition and enforcement of…
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#1 Trusted Legal Advice on the Mental Health Legislation in Pakistan
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted legal partner for mental health legislation in Pakistan. Our firm is dedicated to providing expert legal advice and consultancy on mental health…
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Legal Advice on Operations and Maintenance Agreements in the Power Sector
Welcome to Josh and Mak International, your trusted source for expert legal advice on Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Agreements in the power sector. Our comprehensive services cover all aspects of…
Critical Issues Pakistan Faces in Addressing Climate Change
In recent years, the global community has witnessed the escalating impacts of climate change, with developing nations like Pakistan bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. As a country with…
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023)
The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy 2023 (NEEC Policy 2023) represents a significant stride towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation in Pakistan. This policy sets ambitious targets to…
The Doctrine of “Alternative Remedy” in Writ Jurisdiction under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
The doctrine of alternative remedy is crucial in the context of writ jurisdiction under the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. This doctrine mandates that individuals must first…
A Comprehensive Guide to the Investment Climate of Pakistan 2023-2024
The investment climate in Pakistan presents a unique blend of opportunities and challenges, shaped by the country’s diverse economic landscape and evolving regulatory environment. As Pakistan seeks to attract foreign…
Comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022
This document presents a detailed comparative analysis of the Foreign Private Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1976, and the Foreign Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 2022, focusing on their provisions,…
Legal Advice on IPR Infringement : Actions by the Police and the Customs in Pakistan for Enforcement
IPR Enforcement by the Police Key Legal Provisions and Procedures: Intellectual Property Laws in Force: Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan Act, 2012 Patents Ordinance, 2000 (amended in 2002 and 2006)…
Legal Advice on Tower Provider Licences by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA): An Updated Legal Overview
Tower Provider Licences in Pakistan are regulatory permits issued by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) to companies that establish, maintain, lease, rent, or sell telecommunication towers and related infrastructure. These…
Legal Advice on White Collar Crime in Pakistan
Introduction White-collar crime, a term first coined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland, encompasses non-violent crimes committed by individuals in positions of trust and responsibility, typically involving financial deception. Pakistan, like many…
Legal Advice on Corporate Governance Landscape in Pakistan For Non-Listed Companies (NLCs)
In the dynamic business environment of Pakistan, corporate governance remains a critical aspect that determines the sustainability and success of companies. The landscape of corporate governance is continuously evolving, with…
Commentary: Nadra Ordinance 2000 (updated)
The provisions elucidated in the Nadra Ordinance 2000 meticulously delineate the framework for the registration of citizens, issuance of identity cards, and the requisite information to be furnished to the…
Legal Advice Involving Custody and Divorce with Overseas Pakistanis
The intricacies of family law become particularly pronounced when custody and divorce disputes involve foreign or overseas Pakistani parents. These cases often present unique challenges due to the interplay of…
Legal Advice on the Consequences of Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion in Pakistan
The taxation landscape in Pakistan is governed by a complex framework of laws and regulations aimed at ensuring compliance and fairness in the tax system. The Income Tax Ordinance, 2001,…
Legal Advice on Tax Liabilities in Pakistan: Bankruptcy, Winding Up, and Discontinuance of Business
In the complex landscape of taxation in Pakistan, the management and resolution of tax liabilities during events such as bankruptcy, winding up, and discontinuance of business are critical considerations for…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan
This Q & A is for Client Information purposes only.If you need specific advice on ‘Taxation of Mergers and Acquisitions in Pakistan’ please email us at [email protected] Q1: What is…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Companies in Pakistan
Introduction to Taxation of Companies in Pakistan: Q&A Compilation The taxation of companies in Pakistan is governed by a comprehensive legal framework outlined in the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. This…
Legal Advice on Income Tax Ordinance 2001 treatment of taxation on IT, income from online forums, and freelancing in Pakistan (updated 2024)
In recent years, the digital economy has seen exponential growth, with a significant number of individuals and businesses engaging in IT services, online forums, and freelancing activities. This shift towards…
Legal Advice on Taxation of Foreign Source Income and Non Residents in Pakistan Under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001
In the complex landscape of international taxation, understanding the intricacies of how foreign source income and the income of non-residents are taxed in Pakistan is crucial for individuals and entities…
Legal Services In Pakistan – Taxes You Need To Be Aware Of In Pakistan
Josh and Mak International is available to assist individuals and businesses with a wide range of issues, from compliance matters to civil service laws. The list is well and truly…
Legal Advice on Structuring Startups in Pakistan
Introduction The term “Startup” refers to a new business venture where entrepreneurs and companies combine their skills, ideas, and financial resources to generate new business activity with higher returns. Startups…
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Addressing Tree Cutting in Pakistan (Environmental Law)
The Vital Role of Trees and Relevant Laws in Punjab, Pakistan The Importance of Trees in Combatting Environmental Pollution Trees are crucial in mitigating environmental pollution, providing numerous benefits such…
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Review of Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPA) for Jet Fuel Aviation Kerosene
Josh and Mak International is a premier law firm based in Islamabad, Pakistan, renowned for its expertise in drafting, reviewing, and negotiating complex commercial agreements, including Sales and Purchase Agreements…
Pakistan’s Mineral Law Regime / Legal Framework by Josh and Mak International
Pakistan’s mineral resources are abundant and varied, making the mining sector a significant contributor to the national economy. The regulatory framework governing this sector has evolved over time, aiming to…
Best Lawyers In Pakistan Client Information Articles Law Firms In Islamabad Law Firms In Pakistan Legal Services @ Josh and Mak International Legal Services Islamabad Oil , Gas , Mining and Energy Law
Legal Advice on Pakistan’s Onshore Petroleum Rules from the #1 Legal Experts
The evolution of the Onshore Petroleum Rules in Pakistan reflects significant regulatory developments aimed at enhancing petroleum exploration and production. This comparative analysis focuses on the key differences and improvements…
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Legal Advice on Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Pakistan: A Guide for Private Clients and Foreign Companies (Section 13 & 44-A CPC)
How We Assist Private Clients and Foreign Companies in Enforcing Foreign Judgments in Pakistan At our law firm, we specialise in providing comprehensive legal services to private clients and foreign…
Legal Advice on the Wedlock Policy in the Context of Civil Service in Pakistan
Wedlock Policy in the Context of Civil Service in Pakistan The wedlock policy in Pakistan aims to facilitate the joint postings of married couples in civil service to minimize the…
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Legal Advice on the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build (Yellow Book)
At Josh and Mak International, we are pleased to provide our clients with expert legal advice on the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build (Yellow Book). This contract…
Legal Advice on FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build, and Operate Projects (Golden Book)
Contact for Further Assistance For deeper insights and personalized legal advice on adopting and adapting FIDIC Conditions of Contract for your specific projects, do not hesitate to contact our expert…
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Legal Advice on FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering works designed by the employer (Red Book)
For detailed guidance on Clauses of the FIDIC Conditions of Contract (Red Book) or any other aspects of construction law, please contact us at [email protected]. Our team at Josh and…
Legal Advice on Legal Compliance For Opening A Bank Account in Pakistan
This Client Information Article is meant to be a general guide on opening a bank account in Pakistan for our individual clients and entity clients.The process of each bank many…
Legal Advice on FIDIC’s Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects (Silver Book)
Josh and Mak International offers comprehensive legal services tailored to clients engaging in projects governed by FIDIC Silver book on EPC/Turnkey Contracts. With a deep understanding of the intricacies of…
Legal Advice on Drafting International Supplier Agreements
Josh and Mak International, with its expertise in international law and commercial contracts, is exceptionally positioned to assist international clients in the drafting and vetting of international supplier agreements. Our…
Legal Advice on Drafting Reseller Contracts
Josh and Mak International offers an extensive suite of legal services tailored to the drafting of international reseller contracts, ensuring that clients engage in global commerce with confidence and legal…
Legal Advice on Staff Handbooks for NGO’s by Josh and Mak International
If you are unsatisfied with your current Staff Handbook for your NGO/INGO please get in touch for a FREE evaluation with us at [email protected] or WhatsApp +92-304-8734889 We advise NGO’s…
Legal Opinions by Josh and Mak International
Expert Legal Opinions for Pakistani and Overseas Clients At Josh and Mak International, we are committed to providing top-tier legal services to both local and international clients. Our team, driven…
Legal Advice on Special Power of Attorney in Pakistan
In the realm of legal affairs, the Power of Attorney (PoA) is a vital document that delegates authority from one individual, known as the principal, to another, termed as the…
Legal Advice on Power of Attorney in Pakistan
While a power of attorney is a powerful legal instrument, its execution, nature, and the rights it bestows need to be understood thoroughly. Both the granter and the holder should…
Legal Advice on Blank Cheques in Pakistan
Going through the complexities of financial instruments is crucial for individuals and businesses alike. Among these instruments, blank cheques hold a unique position due to their convenience and the inherent…
Legal Advice & Legal Notices in Pakistani Law
Why Choose Josh and Mak International for Serving Your Legal Notices: Excellence in Precision and Legal Acumen Going through the intricate web of legal procedures in Pakistani civil law can…
Legal Advice on Breach of Contract in Pakistan
Our firm Josh and Mak International can offer a comprehensive range of services to clients dealing with breach of contract issues. These services may include, but are not limited to,…
Legal Advice on Liquidated Damages in Insurance & Civil Claims in Pakistan
In the sea of insurance litigation, the concept of liquidated damages has evolved as a significant tool for the protection of policyholders’ rights. The cases cited from the Supreme Court…
Legal Advice on Commercial Lease agreements in Pakistan
Expert Legal Guidance on Commercial Lease Agreements In the dynamic landscape of Pakistani commerce, commercial lease agreements stand as a cornerstone of business operations, big and small. Navigating through these…
Introduction to the Regulatory Framework of Coal Power in Pakistan
Update: As of now, coal power regulation in Pakistan involves both the Private Power and Infrastructure Board (PPIB) and the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA). The PPIB acts as…
Legal Advice & Representation at the Federal Service Tribunal & Other Service Tribunals
At Josh and Mak International, we pride ourselves on offering an extensive range of legal services tailored to meet the diverse needs of our clients. With an unwavering commitment to…
Legal Advice on Dower and Dowry in Pakistani Law
In Pakistani law, as in many other legal systems influenced by Islamic principles, the concepts of dower (“Mahr” in Islamic law) and dowry are distinct, each serving a different purpose…
Legal Advice on Order VII rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Code
Order VII rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Code reads as follows: 11. The plaint shall be rejected in the following cases:- a) where it does not disclose a cause…
Legal Advice on the Complexities of Gold Ornament Snatching Allegations in Divorce Proceedings
Divorce proceedings often involve complex and emotionally charged disputes over assets, particularly in cases involving allegations of snatching gold ornaments, a significant issue in many South Asian cultures. A series…
Legal Advice on Recalling of Ex Parte Orders
This review of recent case citations offers a comprehensive overview of how various High Courts in Pakistan approach applications for recalling ex parte orders under Rule 13 of the Civil…
Legal Advice on Law of Extradition in Pakistan
Introduction to Extradition in International Law Extradition stands as a cornerstone in the edifice of international law, representing a crucial mechanism for maintaining global justice and security. At its core,…
Legal Advice on Real Estate Partnerships
Real estate partnerships, when structured effectively, can be a powerful vehicle for both growth and risk mitigation. However, achieving a fair balance for all parties involved requires careful planning, clear…
Application and interpretation of exclusivity in various contexts in Pakistan and Internationally.
Key Terms for an Effective Exclusivity Agreement Internationally Introduction: In the business world, exclusivity agreements are a powerful tool, forging strong partnerships while providing mutual benefits. These agreements, however, demand…
Legal Advice on Willful Default in Pakistani
Josh and Mak International, as a law firm in Pakistan with a focus on client satisfaction and effective communication, offers a comprehensive range of legal services related to willful default,…
Legal Advice The Financial Institutions (Recovery of Finance) Ordinance, 2001
Josh and Mak International effectively caters to the needs of both financial institutions and borrowers, ensuring comprehensive legal support in the specialized field of banking litigation and finance recovery under…
Legal Advice on the Remedies for Sealing of Premises in Pakistan
This Client Information Article is aimed at discussing successful remedies for owners of commercial and residential property, having their premises sealed through government action.In analysing the cases concerning the sealing…
Legal Advice on Proforma Defendants
Proforma defendants are those who are named in a legal action but are not expected to be active participants in the litigation. They are included because they may have an…
Legal Advice on implications of multiple adjournments during proceedings
In the pursuit of justice, the courts in Pakistan face the perpetual challenge of balancing the scales between due process and expeditious resolution of cases. The practice of seeking adjournments,…
Legal Advice on Post-Dated cheques in Pakistan
Our Law Firm Josh and Mak International offers a comprehensive suite of legal services related to legal obligations and liabilities arising from the Post-Dated Cheques in business transactions : Legal…
Legal Advice the Columns of Nikahnama in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we provide an array of legal services designed to support our clients through the complexities of marital contracts and the implications thereof. Our approach to…
Legal Advice on Bail Under Section 9 of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 (CNS 1997) (Legal Position in 2023)
Initially, the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 had provisions in Section 9 that dealt with punishments for contraventions of Sections 6, 7, and 8. The punishments were based on…
Legal Advice on Shia Law of Inheritance
The Shia law of inheritance in Pakistan has been the subject of numerous cases that have been adjudicated by various courts across the country. The first set of cases cited…
Lis Pendens in Pakistan: An Insight into Its Meaning and Application
Lis pendens is a Latin term that translates to “pending litigation.” In legal terms, it refers to a doctrine that ensures any property subject to ongoing litigation cannot be transferred…
Commentary on The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act 2022 (ACT XV OF 2022) & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act (XVII of 2016)
The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act: An Overview The Punjab Prohibition of Interest on Private Loans Act 2022, commonly referred to as the PPI Act, is a…
Legal Advice on Consolidation of Civil Suits in Pakistan
The consolidation of suits is a critical feature in the management of civil proceedings. In Pakistan, this is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), which serves as…
Legal Advice on Fraud and Misrepresentation in Pakistani Case Law
Fraud and Misrepresentation in Pakistani Case Law: A Review of Recent Judgments from 2023 In the complex tapestry of legal proceedings, few concepts are as contested and consequential as fraud…
Legal Advice on Malicious Prosecution, Frivolous litigation and Damages in Pakistan
Frivolous litigation and malicious prosecution are both legal concepts that revolve around the misuse of the judicial process. However, their nature, motivations, and implications differ. The intersection between these two…
Legal Advice on Restrictive Agreements and Practices in Pakistan
In the realm of commercial transactions and business practices, competition law plays a pivotal role in ensuring a level playing field, fostering economic efficiency, and safeguarding consumer interests against detrimental…
Legal Advice on Blocking of CNIC in Pakistan
Update: A lot of queries have come up, asking about the power of court to block CNIC in a civil matter.This power comes from an amended first schedule of the…
Legal Advice on Pakistani Law on Permission to Sell A Minor’s Property Under the Guardians and Wards Act 1890
****Law on Permission to Sell a Minor’s property**** This Client Information Article discusses the powers of a Guardian to sale the property of a minor. The sections of the Guardians…
Legal Advice pertaining to Absconders and Proclaimed offenders in Pakistan
What is the difference between Absconders and Proclaimed offenders in Pakistani law? In Pakistani law, there is a clear distinction between absconders and proclaimed offenders, both terms used to describe…
Legal Advice Regarding Consent Decrees in Pakistani Law
In the legal sphere, a consent decree is a resolution between parties involved in a lawsuit, agreed to by the parties and sanctioned by the court. Generally, an appeal against…
Concept of Perpetuity in Pakistani Law
Perpetuity in law generally refers to a situation or condition which is meant to exist indefinitely without an end. This concept has been illustrated through the mentioned citations in various…
Section 9 of the NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ORDINANCE 1999
Section 9 of the NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY ORDINANCE 1999 (a) A holder of a public office, or any other person, is said to commit or to have committed the offence of…
Legal Advice on Protecting Property Rights under the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005
Introduction In the realm of legal safeguards against property-related crimes in Pakistan, the Illegal Dispossession Act, 2005 stands as a formidable shield to protect the rights of lawful property owners…
A review of reported cases under the Sindh Police (Efficiency and Discipline) Rules, 1988
We have recently received a lot of queries from the general public, especially members of the Sindh Police regarding major and minor penalties imposed upon them and possible remedies. We…
Legal Advice on Transparency and Right to information Legislation in Pakistan
Background to Transparency and Right to information Legislation in Pakistan In a nation grappling with persistent reports of corruption within official circles, Pakistan’s journey towards enacting Right to Information (RTI)…
Legal Advice on Upgradation of Civil Servants
Update 2022: The latest Government Policy on Upgradation supersedes Establishment Division’s OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 20-01-2001: OM No. 8/36/2000-R-1 dated 03-02-2001: OM No. 8/36 2000-R-1 dated 11-09-2018 and others…
Legal Advice on Copyrights Law in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International, being a full-service law firm, offer a range of legal services to individuals and companies in Pakistan and abroad in the realm of copyrights and related…
Legal Advice on IP Protection for ‘Industrial Designs’ in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International can offer a range of legal services related to industrial design protection and intellectual property rights in Pakistan. Some of the services they can provide to…
Legal Advice for INGOs Operating in Pakistan
Legal Advisory Note: Regulation of International NGOs (“INGOs”) in Pakistan Note: If your INGO is having problems understanding the 2015 INGO policy or the checklist accompanying it, feel free to…
Legal Advice on Data Protection and the Employee’s Digital Footprint (Pakistan)
The Right to Privacy in the Pakistani Workplace The right to privacy, defined as “freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into individuals’ personal affairs,” is recognized as a fundamental right…
Legal Advice on Data Privacy and Protection Laws in Pakistan
Legal Advice on Data Protection Laws in Pakistan by Josh and Mak International As a leading law firm in Pakistan, Josh and Mak International offers expert legal advice on data…
Legal Advice on ‘Easy Exit’ for Companies in Pakistan? A solution for defunct companies
The Easy Exit Regulations stipulate that all private and public unlisted companies, including associations not for profit licensed under section 42 of the Companies Ordinance, 1984/Companies Act 2017, can file…
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Legal and Ethical Implications of the Titan Submersible Incident (OceanGate)
Are you following the OceanGate Titan Submersible Disaster? Have legal questions? Get in touch at [email protected] Background to the Disappearance of Underwater Vehicle (UV) Titan This legal note addresses the…
Legal Advice on Property Rights Transfer in Pakistan
Property transfers in Pakistan require meticulous attention to legal details and adherence to the applicable laws and regulations. With our comprehensive legal services and expert advice, you can navigate the…
Legal Advice on Quashment of FIR and Legal Proceedings in Pakistan
Quashment or Quashing of FIR (First Information Report) refers to the process of seeking the cancellation or dismissal of an FIR filed against an individual in Pakistani law. An FIR…
Legal Advice on the Division of Islamic Inheritance Shares: Understanding the Principles and Distribution
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the intricacies of Islamic law and its impact on matters of inheritance. Pakistani Inheritance is based entirely on Shariah (Islamic law).A common query…
Buyer Delaying Payment in a Sale of Contract of Land or Property in Pakistan (and Token Money Agreements)
Delays in payment for land purchases in Pakistan can be a challenging issue to navigate, but there are legal remedies available to enforce the terms of the contract and protect…
One of your employees is dead/deceased, how will you deal with disbursing his legal dues and salary?
Update from 2023: We wrote the original article a while back when the NADRA Succession Certificate Service was not available.At this point legal heirs in Islamabad, KPK, Sindh and Punjab…
#1 Free Legal Advice in Pakistan
“Free, Life-Changing, and Honest Legal Advice @ Josh and Mak International” Update 2- Another significant milestone reached, we have now assisted 300 Individuals with free legal advice as of 10th…
Company Registration in Pakistan-Q & A
Introduction Company registration in Pakistan is a crucial step for entrepreneurs and businesses looking to establish a legal presence in the country. The process, governed by the Companies Act, 2017,…
What is the purpose and background of The Zainab Alert, Recovery and Response Act, 2020?
The Zainab Alert, Recovery and Response Act, 2020 is a law passed by the government of Pakistan aimed at preventing and responding to cases of child abduction, abuse, and exploitation.…
Legal Advice on Intellectual Property Registration and Protection of Geographical Indications in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International can offer the following legal services to clients in Pakistan and abroad: Geographical Indications Registration and Protection: Josh and Mak International can assist clients in the…
Legal Advice on Doing Business in Pakistan 2023-2024
Pakistan is a country with a rich history and diverse culture, and it offers a lot of opportunities for foreign investors and entrepreneurs. However, doing business in Pakistan can be…
Legal Advice on the Law, Policy and Regulation of Solar Power (as a type of renewable energy) in Pakistan
Update : As of 2023 upon promulgation of Private Power and Infrastructure Board (Amendment) Act, 2023 notified through Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part-1, as an Act No. XXVI of 2023…
Legal Advice on IOT (internet of things), Digital Economy and Cloud Computing in Pakistan
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnected network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enabling them to collect and…
Legal Advice on Non-solicitation Clauses in Pakistan
A non-solicitation clause is a type of contract clause that prohibits one party from soliciting the other party’s employees, customers, or suppliers. These clauses are often used by businesses to…
Legal Advice on NCNDA agreements in Pakistan
We receive a significant number of inquiries from both employers and employees seeking clarification on the enforceability of Non-Compete and Non-Disclosure Contracts (NCDAs) in Pakistan. Additionally, there is a considerable…
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Bait-and-Switch Tactics in Pakistani Property Law
Bait-and-switch is an unethical sales tactic commonly employed in various industries, including the property market in Pakistan. It involves enticing potential customers with attractive offers or deals, only to switch…
What are the legal issues arising out of NFTs (Non-fungible tokens)?
What are NFTs (Non-fungible tokens)? Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a type of digital asset that represents ownership or proof of authenticity of a unique item, such as an image, video,…
Legal Advice on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics LLMs, Deep Learning and Machine Learning
Our legal acumen pertaining to Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, LLMs, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning involves an in-depth understanding of the legal issues that arise from the use of these…
Can business incubator contracts be unfair to start-ups? How can the interests of all parties be protected?
Whether you are a business incubator, a start-up or venture capitalist, we can advise you on your business incubator contract. Have an incubator contract to review? Email us now at…
When do Pakistani companies need GDPR compliance?
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data protection law that came into effect on 25 May 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. While primarily aimed at…
What is the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 of Pakistan and how is it affected by the recent decision of Federal Shariat Court?
The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 is a law in Pakistan that aims to provide equal rights to transgender people and to safeguard their rights through legal recognition.…
What is the digital power of attorney service from NADRA in Pakistan?
The digital power of attorney (PoA) service from NADRA in Pakistan is a secure and convenient way for overseas Pakistanis to grant power of attorney to someone in Pakistan. The…
What is ‘ijazat aapki’ by NADRA in Pakistan? How does it support data protection?
Ijazat Aap Ki (Your Permission) is a service launched by the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in Pakistan in March 2023. The service allows citizens to give their consent…
How can you discover the hidden cryptocurrency assets of a defendant in a civil suit, especially in divorce proceedings?
Whether it is the case of a judgement-debtor who simply will not pay, or that of a spouse in a divorce keen on hiding their assets, proving someone has a…
What is an Employee invention assignment and confidentiality agreement (EIACA)?
An Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (EIACA) is a legal contract between an employee and an employer that outlines the employee’s obligations regarding inventions and confidential information. The EIACA…
Legal Advice on Influencer Agreements
Crafting the Perfect Influencer Agreement: A Comprehensive Guide (updated December 2023) In the dynamic realm of influencer marketing, particularly in Australia, the importance of a well-structured Influencer Agreement cannot be…
What is a Beta Agreement and what safeguarding clauses does it need?
A beta agreement is a contract between a company and a beta tester that outlines the terms of the beta testing process. It is important for both parties to have…
What is a Security and privacy addendum ?
A security and privacy addendum is a legally binding document that outlines the security and privacy obligations of the parties involved in a transaction.Data intensive online businesses generally display this…
Can you sue for defamation after someone releases a deepfake video of you?
If you or someone you know is being threatened or blackmailed by a deepfake video, please get in touch for legal consultation at [email protected] answer is yes, you can sue…
What is the difference between a SAAS agreement and a EULA?
A Software as a Service (SaaS) agreement and an End-User License Agreement (EULA) are both legal contracts that govern the use of software. However, there are some key differences between…
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Should there be vicarious liability for chatbots?
Vicarious Liability and the Emergence of Chatbots In the age of digital transformation, the proliferation of chatbots has revolutionized the way businesses interact with customers. These AI-driven assistants are not…
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Legal Advice on the Draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Pakistan?
The Draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy of Pakistan is a policy framework that aims to promote the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Pakistan. The policy was…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence of Private Limited Companies in Pakistan
Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a company before investing in it. It is important to do due diligence on any company, but it is especially important…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence of Land and Property in Pakistan
Due diligence is the process of gathering information about a property before buying it. It is important to do due diligence on any property, but it is especially important in…
The use of Geofencing techniques and Call Data records (CDRs) as means of investigation in Pakistan
Geofencing is a location-based technology that creates a virtual boundary or perimeter around a real-world geographic area. It allows authorities, including the police, to define specific geographic zones and receive…
Legal Advice on LLP Registration in Pakistan
Message for the General Public: Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Registration in Pakistan. The first decision you must make upon arriving at this page is…
Legal Advice on ensuring effective distribution of funds for heirs of deceased employees for Medium to Large Private Business Owners
The unfortunate event of an employee’s death can bring about emotional distress and present various practical legal challenges in the workplace, particularly if the employee had access to crucial documentation…
Legal Advice on Mis-Procurement and Red Flags in Public Procurement in Pakistan
Every year, we receive numerous queries from foreign companies who feel they have been unfairly treated by local state departments in Pakistan during the bidding process for local contracts. The…
Legal Advice for foreign companies bidding on procurement contracts in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the attractiveness of Pakistan as a jurisdiction for bidding on procurement contracts, particularly for our clients operating internationally with corporate seats in key…
Protecting Overseas Pakistanis from Unscrupulous Property Agents: The ‘token money’ trap and other unethical practices
As the real estate market in Pakistan continues to attract overseas Pakistanis, it is crucial to address the concerns and challenges they face when buying or selling property. At our…
The Thin Red Line : Limitation of Liability
Don’t leave your contracts to chance! Getting your contract reviewed by legal experts has never been easier. Simply reach out to us at [email protected]. Our team will promptly respond to…
Our Verified Properties And Due Diligence Services
Unlock Secure Property Transactions with Josh and Mak International Are you considering buying property in Pakistan? Don’t take any chances when it comes to such a significant investment. Trust Josh…
PPRA Rules Query on Direct Contracting/Negotiated Tendering
Question: Hi, wanted to ask that in case of contracts for hiring of services, specifically for outsourced staff, is it allowed to incorporate in tender documents for Annual Contract that…
Can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tenders in Pakistan?
Question: Can a local company bid in foreign currency under international tenders in Pakistan? Answer: Yes, a local company in Pakistan is permitted to bid in foreign currency under international…
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Legal and Ethical Considerations for Vetting Applicants through Social Media (digital footprint)in Pakistan
Employers in Pakistan often face the dilemma of vetting prospective candidates through social media platforms, balancing the benefits of gaining valuable insights with the legal and ethical implications. This legal…
Legal Advice on Setting Up of an EPC Company in Pakistan by a Foreign Investor
As a foreign EPC contractor intending to establish a legal entity in Lahore, Pakistan, to conduct EPC contracting business (residential and commercial buildings, waste water treatment, road, power, railways buildings),…
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Legal Advice on Mining Law in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, our team of qualified legal experts is dedicated to providing comprehensive guidance and assistance in various aspects of mining law in Pakistan, particularly in the…
Legal Advice on Competitive Bid Writing and Bid Management
At Josh and Mak International, we are excited to introduce our new specialist service in Competitive Bid Writing and Bid Management. As one of the leading teams of Procurement Consultants…
Exploring Alternative Avenues: Mediation and Arbitration in Dispute Resolution in Islamabad, Pakistan
In the realm of dispute resolution in the Islamabad Capital Territory, court proceedings are often seen as the default option. However, it is crucial to consider alternative avenues such as…
Legal Advice on Specific performance and Personal Service Contracts
In the context of Pakistani law, it is well-established that courts generally avoid awarding specific performance in personal services contracts. The Specific Relief Act of 1877 stands as a cornerstone…
Opinion : Limitation on liability for ‘Intentional or criminal misconduct or wilful violation’ and Liability Caps
By Barrister Aemen Zulfikar Maluka It is common to encounter, during contract review requests by clients, a contractor request for a limitation on liability for “intentional or criminal misconduct or…
Legal Advice on Pakistan Real Estate, Landlord and Tenant Laws
Josh and Mak International, offers a comprehensive suite of legal services to address the various needs of both landlords and tenants. Legal Consultation and Advisory Services: Offer expert legal advice…
Legal Advice on Buying Property in Pakistan for Overseas Pakistanis and Foreigners
Navigating through the complex and regionally diverse legal landscape of the real estate sector in Pakistan can be a daunting task, especially for overseas Pakistanis and foreigners. The intricacies involved…
Distinguishing Between ® and ™: Legal Implications for Clients
Updated Article Introduction In the realm of intellectual property, trademarks play a crucial role in distinguishing goods and services. Among the various symbols associated with trademarks, the ® (registered trademark)…
Legal Advice on Cheque Fraud and Dishonouring of Cheques in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International are well-equipped to provide expert legal advice and representation on issues related to stale cheques, dishonored cheques, debt recovery, legal notices for cheque dishonoring, lodging of…
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Non-Profit Company Registration in Pakistan u/s 42 Companies Act 2017
A charitable or non-profit association with the aim of promoting health, social welfare, and charity can be established as a public company with limited liability under Section 42 of the…
Legal Advice on Compliance and Registration Requirements For NGOs/NPOs/Charities in Pakistan
NGO/NPO/Charities Registration in Pakistan Understanding the evolving legal framework for not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan Over the past five years, Pakistan has witnessed significant changes to…
Legal Advice on Challenging Unfair Transfers of Government Officers
In the realm of public service, ensuring that government officers are treated fairly in terms of their postings and transfers is crucial. Recently, a significant legal case highlighted the plight…
:egal Advice on Writ Petitions for Suspension of NAB Sentences
NAB-Related Writ Petition for Suspension of Sentence: Section 426 Cr.P.C. Inapplicability in NAB Cases At Josh and Mak International, we recently handled a critical case involving a Writ Petition challenging…
Legal Advice on Pakistani Tax Law Provisions Concerning International Taxation
Introduction to Q&A on Pakistani Tax Law Provisions Concerning International Taxation In an increasingly globalised economy, understanding the intricacies of international taxation is paramount for individuals and businesses operating across…
Legal Advice on Customs and Trade Remedy Laws in Pakistan
There is nobody better than the expert team at Josh and Mak International to guide you through the minefield that are the customs and trade remedy laws in Pakistan! Granted,…
Legal Advice on Writ Petitions for Promotion of Civil Servants in Pakistan
Before filing a writ petition in promotion matter, please ensure that all internal remedies have been exhausted and that your case involves a clear violation of legal or constitutional rights.…
Due Diligence of Land Registry Documents in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International provides comprehensive legal services pertaining to due diligence exercises and opinions after examining land registry documents in Pakistan. These services include: Title Verification and Ownership Analysis:…
Mediation law in Pakistan
Mediation Law in Pakistan Pakistan is not a signatory on any international treaties pertaining to mediation. The mediation law in our country is not based on any of these treaties…
Legal Advice on Setting up business subsidiary in the Oil and Gas Sector
Question: Our foreign company is planning to expand in Pakistan by establishing subsidiary and start oil and gas exploration work with our own technologies. In order to begin the process…
Legal Advice on Staying of Proceedings in a Criminal Complaint Case
The Interplay of Civil and Criminal Proceedings: A Review of Judicial Perspectives Introduction: In the realm of legal proceedings, the interaction between civil and criminal cases can lead to intricate…
#1 Legal Advice on Suits for Declaration and Permanent Injunction in Pakistan
Suits for Declaration and Permanent Injunction In Pakistani law, suits for declaration and permanent injunction are common remedies sought in civil litigation. These suits typically involve the plaintiff asking the…
Legal Advice on Due Diligence via the Patwari and Other Pakistan Land or Property Records
This Opinion involving due diligence of the land has been published with the consent of our client, and names and identities have been concealed to respect their privacy. If you…
Case comment: Tax credit for Corporate dairy farming
The case “Nishat Dairy (Pvt.) Ltd. versus Commissioner Inland Revenue and others” (2013 P T D 1883) heard by the Lahore High Court on 25th March 2013 addresses the issue…
Legal Advice on Child Custody, Interim Custody, Visitation and Guardianship as per Pakistani law
Child Custody in Pakistan, FAQs, and relevant case law on Section 491 CrPc, Section 100 CrPc Section 12 and Section 25 of the Guardians and Wards Act, Pakistan (including other…
Legal Advice on becoming an EMI licence, PSP or a Payment service provider or Online Payment Transfer Company like Pay Pal in Pakistan?
The Electronic Money Institutions (EMI) regulations are a cornerstone of the evolving financial landscape, introduced to foster innovation, inclusivity, and security in the digital payments ecosystem. Their primary aim is…
Can Transgender marriage in Pakistan ever become a reality?
It has been reported that a group of Pakistani clerics have declared that marriage between transgender persons is permitted in Islam and that also have the right to a ceremonial…
Legal Advice on Trademark Laws in Pakistan
Update June 2023: Filing for Trademark Registration in Pakistan is Now Online! Introduction to filing online trademarks in Pakistan : In a groundbreaking development for Intellectual Property (IP) applicants and…
Legal Advice on Co-ownership (Co-sharing) of Land in Pakistan
Legal Aspects Pertaining to Co-Sharer ( Co-owners /Joint Sharers of Land in Pakistan) In Pakistan, the concept of co-sharer of land is significant in cases where multiple individuals share ownership…
Legal Advice on the Civil Litigation Process in Pakistan and A Comprehensive Q&A Guide by Josh and Mak International
Introduction: Understanding the legal framework and procedures of civil litigation in Pakistan can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the system. This comprehensive blog aims to demystify the process, offering…
Legal Advice on Civil Revision in Pakistani law
A successful application for civil revision hinges on demonstrating that the lower courts have either acted with material irregularity or have made decisions without jurisdiction, or that there has been…
Legal Advice on Civil Appeals in Pakistani Law
Update 2020 about ‘Pecuniary Jurisdiction of Islamabad High Court As per Sections 4 & 10 of CPC (Amendment) Act, 2020, Sections 6 & 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure,…
Legal Advice on Amendment of Pleadings in Pakistani Law
A common question which is often asked by our clients is whether they can have their pleadings amended.We understand that by nature this article is fairly technical so if you…
Legal Advice on Patent Law in Pakistan
As a leading law firm in Pakistan, Josh and Mak International offers a comprehensive range of legal services related to the Law of Patents. Our expert team of patent attorneys…
Legal Advice on Company Registration & Post Incorporation Compliance in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we are dedicated to providing a wide range of exceptional corporate services to meet all your business needs. Our team of experienced lawyers and corporate…
How Lawyers Can Help Protect Your Intellectual Property Rights in the Cyber World
In the ever-evolving digital age, the protection of intellectual property (IP) has become increasingly complex and crucial. The cyber world, with its vast expanse and rapid exchange of information, presents…
Legal Advice on PPRA RULES 2004 & PPRA Rules (Punjab) 2014
Client Query 1: Query: What is the minimum response time for procurement advertisements? Answer: According to Rule 13 of the Public Procurement Rules 2004, the minimum response time for procurement…
Some thoughts on TELECOM PASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING WITHIN PAKISTAN
Updated Article 2024 The concept of telecom passive infrastructure sharing in Pakistan has gained significant traction in 2024, marked by the recent approval of the Telecom Infrastructure Sharing Framework (TISF)…
Foreign Law Client and Investor Guide to Pakistan 2024
This client guide aims to provide a concise overview of the Pakistani Legal System for the convenience of our readers, including members of the public and private clients. While the…
Legal Advice on Employment law in Pakistan
Navigating the complex landscape of employment law can be challenging for both employers and employees in Pakistan. At Josh and Mak International, we offer specialized legal advice and services to…
Legal Advice on the Export Regulations of Pakistan
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) Q1: Which SRO regulates the EFS? A: The Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS) is regulated by SRO 957(1)/2021, dated 30 July 2021. Q2:…
Legal Advice on Customs Laws in Pakistan
The Customs Act, 1969, as amended up to June 2023, serves as the primary legal framework governing customs operations in Pakistan. This comprehensive legislation outlines the procedures, regulations, and authorities…
Legal Advice on Pakistani Citizenship Through Naturalization
Any foreigner who has been granted a naturalization certificate under the naturalization Act 1926 is registered as a citizen of Pakistan under section 9 of the Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951…
Legal Advice on Business Laws In Pakistan
Whether your business is large or small, at Josh and Mak International our role is to facilitate your company’s continuing growth and expansion. Our goal is to anticipate and prevent…
Legal Advice on Arbitration Laws in Pakistan
Josh and Mak International is a distinguished law firm offering comprehensive legal services in the domain of arbitration law in Pakistan. With a deep understanding of both domestic and international…
Pakistan’s Burgeoning IT Sector
Q: What is the vision of Pakistan’s Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication for the IT sector? A: The vision is to establish an accelerated digitisation ecosystem to enable socio-economic…
Legal Advice on Admiralty And Maritime Shipping Laws In Pakistan
Admiralty and maritime shipping laws in Pakistan form a critical framework governing the nation’s navigable waters, vessels, and the rights and obligations of maritime operators. Pakistan, strategically located along the…
Taxation Law Services in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we recognise the intricate tax implications associated with every business decision. We are committed to offering practical, tailored, and expertly crafted tax solutions to address…
Legal Advice on Banking Laws In Pakistan
The banking sector in Pakistan operates under a well-structured legal framework designed to ensure stability, transparency, and efficiency. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the primary laws and regulations…
Legal Advice on Real Estate and Property Laws In Pakistan
Josh and Mak International is synonymous with excellence in property law in Pakistan. As leading experts in the field, we offer comprehensive legal services, expert advice, and strategic guidance for…
Legal Advice on Pakistan’s Labour Law: Understanding Employee Rights and Entitlements
Labour laws play a crucial role in ensuring fair treatment, protection, and well-being of employees in a country. In Pakistan, there are more than 16 laws that mandate compliance and…
Keeping Abreast Of The Labor Laws In Pakistan
Here at Josh and Mak International we can help you will all matters relating to the appointment of any employees including cases involving civil servants, regulations regarding workers or workmen,…
Legal Services for British and Overseas Pakistanis
As a renowned Pakistani law firm, Josh and Mak International takes great pride in offering exceptional legal services to a diverse clientele, including British Pakistanis, Overseas Pakistanis, and Pakistani expatriates…
Legal Advice on Partnership Law in Pakistan
Embarking on a partnership venture in Pakistan can be an exciting and rewarding endeavor. However, it’s crucial to navigate the legal landscape with precision and clarity to ensure the success…
Special Legal Advice for Foreign Companies Setting Up Business in Pakistan
Options for Foreigners to Open a Limited Liability Company in Pakistan If you are a foreign national or a foreign company looking to establish a limited liability company in Pakistan,…
Legal Advice on Website compliance under SECP Guidelines for Public Companies in Pakistan
Mandatory Website Set-up, Maintenance and Compliance for Public Companies in Pakistan Ask the Compliance experts. Email us at [email protected] Claim a FREE evaluation report of your website’s legal compliance today!…
What are Pakistani OFFICE HOURS AND TIME ZONE?
In Pakistan, the standard office hours typically run from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. These hours are generally observed by most businesses and government offices. The country operates in the…
Is there a law governing holidays in Pakistan?
Governed by the Weekly Holidays Act 1942 which provides for persons employed in shops, restaurants and theatres. It declares that a shop will be entirely closed one day in every…
Under what law is the Pakistani currency regulated?
Under § 24 of State Bank of Pakistan Ordinance 1955 the Bank has the sole right to issue bank notes for periods fixed by Federal Government. Rate of exchange is…
Acquisition of Pakistani Citizenship for Aliens & Foreigners
Understanding the Status of Aliens and Citizenship in Pakistan Introduction In Pakistan, the legal status of aliens and citizenship is defined by the Pakistan Citizenship Act of 1951, as amended…
Legal Advice on Promotion of Civil Servants in Pakistan
The legal landscape surrounding civil servants’ promotions in Pakistan appears complex, particularly within the jurisdiction of service matters, individuals often encounter numerous legal forums and procedural hurdles. Promotion disputes can…
Telecommunication Consumer Protection (Amendment) Regulations, 2015
Telecommunication Consumer Protection (Amendment) Regulations, 2015 The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) has introduced the Telecommunication Consumer Protection (Amendment) Regulations, 2015, amending the original Telecommunication Consumer Protection Regulations of 2009. These…
Legal Advice on Mutation in Pakistani Law
Mutation is a vital legal process in land law in Pakistan that validates property ownership and updates land records in Pakistan. Property owners must understand the significance of mutation and…
Legal Representation at the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the significance of the Federal Shariat Court in the Pakistani legal system, particularly in matters related to Islamic law. With our team of…
I have been asked to present my complaint against a government organization at the Federal Ombudsman.How does this work? Can I appeal the decision or outcome?
This is an administrative forum based in Islamabad with satellite offices in other cities of Pakistan, created to investigate the complaints of maladministration against the Government and its agencies. Its…
Our multinational energy company has been told that it may have to resolve a local dispute in Pakistan? How do the Provincial High Courts and Lower Courts in Pakistan Work?
Provincial High Courts Provincial High Courts are the apex courts for common law court systems operating in the provinces, and is generally seen as the highest appellate level for the…
Legal Advice on Cancellation of (Post Arrest & Pre-Arrest) Bail in Pakistan
Cancellation of Bail in Pakistan (Updated to 2023) The cancellation of bail (Pre-Arrest and Post-Arrest) in Pakistan is a critical legal matter that requires the court’s careful consideration of various…
Legal Advice on Citizenship Registration Laws in Pakistan
This commentary is not a substitute for proper legal advice.If you have queries related to the law on Pakistani Citizenship email us at [email protected] Citizenship and the rights associated with…
What is the impact of the Special Marriages Act 1872?
The Special Marriage Act 1872 governs the marriages of persons who are not professing Buddhists, Christians, Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Sikhs or Jains and also those persons who profess the Hindu,…
Legal Advice on Refused UK Visa and UK Immigration Appeals
New Service! While one problem in getting timely UK immigration for Pakistani Citizens is the fact that over the last many years the UK Border Agency has been making the…
Legal Advice on Getting a Succession Certificate and Declaration of Inheritance in Pakistan
Q: What is a Succession Certificate? A: A Succession Certificate is a document issued to the legal heirs of a deceased person for moveable properties like a car, cash in…
Legal Advice on Labour Rights and the Industrial Relations Act, 2012
The labour landscape in Pakistan is shaped by a complex interplay of constitutional provisions, legislative enactments, and judicial interpretations. The Constitution of Pakistan, under Part II, enshrines fundamental rights and…
Legal advice on Bail in Pakistan
Introduction The fundamental premise of bail entails releasing an individual from the clutches of law enforcement authorities, placing them under the supervision of sureties who are committed to ensure the…
Whether the provincial legislature has power and authority to impose market fees under Section 19 of Act, 1939 read with Rule 29 of Agricultural Produce Market Rules, 1940?
The discussion surrounding the provincial legislature’s authority to impose market fees under Section 19 of the Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1939, as read with Rule 29 of the Agricultural Produce…
Legal Advice on the Principles of Waqf in Pakistan
Legal Alert: Changes with the Introduction of Sindh Waqf Properties Act 2020 Josh and Mak International would like to bring to your attention the recent developments in the legal landscape…
Legal Advice on Habeas Corpus in Pakistan
The law of Habeas Corpus in Pakistan is governed by Section 491 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 which gives any High Court of Pakistan, the ower to issue directions of…
Legal Advice on Contempt of Court in Pakistan
Contempt of court is a legal mechanism designed to protect the authority and dignity of the judiciary, ensuring that its orders and proceedings are respected and upheld. In the legal…
Determination of ‘Pardanashin Lady’ in Pakistani Law
The status of a Pardanashin (Pardahnashin) lady in Muslim law holds significant legal implications, especially in matters of agreements, property transactions, and protection of their interests. In this blog, we…
Legal Advice on Expunction of and challenge to adverse remarks in ACRs (Annual Confidential Reports)
A review of case law reveals significant insights into the principles and judicial reasoning applied to the expunction of adverse remarks in Annual Confidential Reports (ACRs) or Performance Evaluation Reports…
The Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923 (Commentary)
The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, is a pivotal piece of legislation that enshrines the rights of workmen by ensuring compensation for injuries sustained during the course of employment. This Act…
Novation vs. Assignment : A Comparison
What’s the Difference? Novation is a mechanism whereby one party can transfer all its obligations under a contract and all its benefits arising from that contract to a third party.…
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Probation matters concerning Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) employees
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the frequent legal queries that arise regarding services matters for WAPDA employees. To assist our clients, we have compiled summaries of recent cases…
Legal Advice on Challenging Penalties for Misconduct Based on Equality
If you are a civil servant accused of misconduct, it is crucial to understand that you can challenge your penalty on the basis of ‘equality’ in the treatment of others…
Did you know that it is your legal right to have your case decided in a timely and expeditious manner?
Did you know that it is your legal right to have your case decided in a timely and expeditious manner? The law is unequivocal on this matter, as discussed below.…
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Termination of Services Due to Abolition of Posts: A Legal Analysis
The termination of employment following the abolition of posts is a complex issue that intersects with various legal principles and regulations. This blog post examines several pivotal cases to understand…
Legal Insights into the Ship Breaking Industry in Pakistan
We have been receiving numerous inquiries concerning the environmental, health, safety, and tax issues related to the ship breaking industry in Pakistan. To assist our clients in understanding the legal…
Jurisdictionary powers of Pakistani Courts
With our extensive expertise and understanding of the court jurisdictions in Pakistan, we are well-equipped to guide our clients through the legal process. Our team of skilled professionals can help…
Pakistani Law on statements of Interested Witnesses
An interested witness is an individual who has a direct stake or interest in the outcome of a legal proceeding, typically because they are connected to the case in a…
Understanding Tazkiyah al-Shuhood in the Context of Pakistani Law
Tazkiyah al-Shuhood is a concept in Islamic jurisprudence that pertains to the verification and certification of the credibility of witnesses in legal proceedings, particularly in cases involving serious offences such…
Islamic concepts in the Pakistan Penal Code
The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) of 1860, initially promulgated during the British colonial era, has undergone numerous amendments to align it with Islamic principles, especially post-1977 under the regime of…
Impact of Shariah Principles on Pakistani Family , Civil and Criminal Laws
Recent developments in Pakistani law have underscored the significant impact of Shariah principles on family, civil, and criminal legal frameworks. These influences, rooted deeply in Islamic jurisprudence, shape various aspects…
Understanding Investment Vehicles and Policies in Pakistan 2023-2024
In Pakistan, the Board of Investment (BOI) plays a crucial role in promoting and facilitating both local and foreign investments. The Government of Pakistan (GOP) has recently implemented the Pakistan…
Pakistan Labour Inspection Policy Q&A
Update on Pakistan’s Labour Inspection Policy 2006 Since its inception, Pakistan’s Labour Inspection Policy 2006 has undergone several updates and reforms to address the evolving needs of the labour market…
Legal Advice on Intellectual Property Law for Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are a cornerstone of modern commerce, playing a crucial role in fostering innovation, creativity, and economic growth. In Pakistan, the landscape of intellectual property law is…
Application of Islamic laws in Pakistani Law
Application of Islamic Laws in Pakistani Law Islamic laws, or Sharia, significantly influence the legal framework of Pakistan. Since its inception in 1947, Pakistan has endeavoured to incorporate Islamic principles…
Bytes for All v. Federation of Pakistan WP 958/2013.The ‘YouTube’ case.
The You-Tube case (a judicial and public policy perspective) This article was first published in E-Commerce Law Reports, Vol 14, Issue 4 (www.e-comlaw.com/eclr) pp 22-23 Author: Senior Partner Josh and…
Practice Note on the Requisition of Shareholders for an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) under Pakistani Company Law
I. Requisition of Shareholders for an EGM Pursuant to Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2017, shareholders holding not less than one-tenth of the total voting power in the case…
What are requirements for establishment of place of business by foreign Companies?
To establish a place of business in Pakistan, foreign companies must comply with several requirements under the Companies Act, 2017. These include: Application of the Act: This part of the…
Is a foreign company required to obtain any other permission from any other organization for opening and maintaining of its branch/ liaison office in Pakistan?
Yes, a foreign company is required to obtain specific permissions from various organizations in Pakistan to open and maintain its branch or liaison office. A foreign company is required to…
What Documents are required for incorporation of an association which is not for profit ? Section 42 Companies registered under the Companies Act 2017
Please visit our main page on Section 42 Companies registered under the Companies Act 2017. Article continues below Non-Profit Company Registration in Pakistan u/s 42 Companies Act 2017 To provide…
Can a private company be converted into a single member company?
Under the Companies Act, 2017, a private company can be converted into a single-member company by following the procedures outlined in Section 47 of the Act. The key steps involved…
Due Diligence Process with Certified Copies of Company Documents (Memorandum and Articles of Association, Certificate of Incorporation)
When conducting due diligence on a company, obtaining certified copies of essential documents such as the Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, and Certificate of Incorporation is crucial. At Josh…
Can I transfer membership of my single member company to a new member?
Transfer of Membership in a Single Member Company As a single member company (SMC), the transfer of membership is a procedure that adheres to specific regulations under the Companies Act,…
Can I convert single member company into a private company?
Yes, under the Companies Act 2017, it is possible to convert a Single Member Company (SMC) into a private company. The process for this conversion is outlined in Section 47…
Can a single person form a company in Pakistan? What are the legal requirements?
Yes, a single person can form a company in Pakistan. This is governed by the Companies Act, 2017, which allows for the formation of a Single Member Company (SMC). The…
Which type of companies require prior permission from ministries/departments before registration with the SECP?
In Pakistan, certain types of companies require prior permission from specific ministries or departments before they can be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). These requirements…
Who can form a private company in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, any person or persons wishing to form a private company must adhere to the stipulations set forth in the Companies Act, 2017. Specifically, two or more persons associated…
Who can form a public company in Pakistan?
Any three or more persons associated for lawful purpose may, by subscribing their names to the Memorandum of Association and complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2017 to…
If the whereabouts of my husband are not known for a long time , can I end my marriage in Pakistan unilaterally?
In Pakistan, if the whereabouts of your husband are unknown for an extended period, you can seek to end your marriage through the legal process of dissolution of marriage, commonly…
What is the law governing divorce between Parsis & Zoroastrians?
Parsis are governed by Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act 1936 which lists several varied grounds.By the Amendment Act, 1975 (Act IV of 1976) jurisdiction has now been conferred solely on…
Can a wife be delegated the right of pronouncement of divorce? (Muslim/Pakistani law)
Yes, under Muslim personal law in Pakistan, a husband can delegate the right of pronouncing divorce to his wife. This is known as Talaq-e-Tafweez or delegated divorce. The conditions and…
Christian Marriage & Divorce Laws in Pakistan
Christian marriages in Pakistan differ in several respects from Muslim marriages, and the governing laws and traditions reflect these distinctions. Common question on interfaith marriages in Pakistan : Under what…
What are the grounds for dissolving a Muslim marriage?
In the context of Islamic law, a Muslim marriage can be dissolved through various means. These include: By Husband at His Will (Talaq): The husband has the unilateral right to…
Josh and Mak International: Expert Legal Services for Divorce and Khula in Pakistan for Local and Overseas Pakistanis
Josh and Mak International is a renowned law firm in Islamabad, Pakistan, providing expert legal services for divorce and khula (dissolution of marriage) cases. With extensive experience in mediating and…
My husband is Not Providing Maintenance. How does the Pakistani law protect me?
If any husband fails to maintain his wife adequately (while the marriage is intact), or where there are more wives than one, fails to maintain them equitably, the wife, or…
What is the procedure of giving divorce to wife by an adult , Muslim Pakistani Man?
Any man who wishes to divorce his wife shall, as soon as may be after the pronouncement of Talaq in any form whatsoever, give the chairman a notice in writing…
Can a Muslim (Pakistani) Marriage be dissolved by any way Other Than Talaq?
Yes, a Muslim marriage in Pakistan can be dissolved by means other than Talaq (divorce). Islamic law recognizes several methods for dissolving a Muslim marriage, providing options for both the…
Can A Pakistani, adult, Muslim man contract another Marriage? What is the Procedure involved?
A man can enter into another marriage provided he acquires permission in writing of the Arbitration Council, under Muslim Family Law Ordinance, without such permission marriage will not be registered.…
I am a Pakistani Muslim.Is it necessary that I register my marriage with any authority?
Under the Muslim Family Law Ordinance Union Council shall register every marriage solemnized under Muslim Law in accordance with the Nikah registrar licensed. In Pakistan, the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance,…
How can a Network Information Centre (NIC) or domain administrator help my domain dispute?
With reference to the judicial and non-judicial procedures used to resolve conflicts arising from the use of domain names, most of the countries where a Network Information Centre (NIC) or…
How can I prove bad faith where my domain name has been stolen? (Cyber-squatting/Intellectual Property Law)
In an online dispute we will be looking at the requirements which will need to be proven under the ICANN’s UDRP (Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy). Based on these , the…
What is cyber-squatting? (Intellectual property law) What legal actions can you take against it?
Cybersquatting means taking a valuable name identical to that of a well-known large corporation. This may be followed by a demand for money from the corporation in return for assignment…
Protecting IP rights pertaining to Domain Names in the Pakistani Cyberspace
Josh and Mak International can offer the following legal services to both local and foreign companies: Legal Advice on Domain Name Registration: Josh and Mak International can legally assist companies…
Introduction to Common Concepts in International Intellectual Property Law: Questions and Answers
The realm of international intellectual property law is a vast and intricate field that governs the protection of creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols,…
PEMRA Ordinance and Media Freedom
Update 2024 The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Ordinance, enacted in 2002, continues to play a contentious role in regulating media freedom in Pakistan. Over the years, amendments to…
Q & A on the Registered Designs Ordinance, 2000 and Registered Designs Rules, 2023
The Registered Designs Ordinance, 2000 and the Registered Designs Rules, 2023 form the cornerstone of the legal framework governing the protection of industrial designs in Pakistan. As a member of…
A basic guide to the Indus Water Treaty (Pakistan)
The Indus Water Treaty, established in 1960 between India and Pakistan, is a cornerstone agreement in the management of the Indus River System. Following the independence of both countries, this…
Legal Advice on Basic Tax liabilities under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001
Understanding tax liabilities can often seem daunting, especially within the framework of comprehensive legislation like Pakistan’s Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. This Ordinance, which came into effect on July 1, 2002,…
Some Common Concepts and Terms in the Pakistani Legal System
The legal system in Pakistan is a blend of various influences, including Islamic law, British common law, and traditional customary law. Here are some common legal concepts and terms frequently…
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The Josh and Mak International Guide to Common Legal Terms and Phrases (English and Latin)
Introduction to the Glossary of Legal and Latin Terms, Phrases, and Concepts This glossary is a meticulously compiled resource of legal and Latin terms, phrases, and concepts, designed to serve…
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Technical terms in Pakistani Land Revenue and Property (Urdu , Persian and Arabic)
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the importance of clarity and effective communication when dealing with clients requiring guidance on Pakistani Land Property records and we aim provide them…
What is an IIA and how does it affect my legal arrangements?
An International Investment Agreement (IIA) is a treaty between two or more countries designed to promote and protect investments made by investors from the respective countries. IIAs typically include provisions…
Pakistani laws on indigenous and tribal persons
In Pakistan, the legal framework addressing the rights of indigenous and tribal persons is shaped by a combination of international conventions, national laws, and customary practices. Pakistan ratified the International…
Pakistani Law on Forest Conservation and Wildlife Protection
The evolution of Pakistan’s forest policy reflects the country’s response to both national and international environmental commitments and the socio-economic dynamics of its forest regions. The first forest policy in…
Legal Advice on Media and Broadcasting Laws in Pakistan (1)
Update: Recent Developments in Pakistani Media and Broadcasting Laws In recent years, Pakistan has seen significant developments in its media and broadcasting laws, primarily aimed at consolidating regulatory control and…
Legal Services Pertaining to Media & Broadcasting Law and Regulation in Pakistan
Introduction Pakistan’s media landscape, dynamic and evolving, operates under a structured regulatory framework primarily governed by the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). This framework ensures that broadcast media and…
Reko Diq
Update 2024: Since 2014, the Reko Diq case has seen significant developments. In March 2022, Pakistan signed a landmark agreement to avoid an $11 billion penalty, effectively resolving a long-standing…
Can a wife Divorce her husband in Pakistan? (Column 18 Nikahnama)
A wife can divorce on her own given that she has been granted the right to Divorce (delegated power of divorce) at the time of the Nikah. This right is…
Can a Marriage Be Dissolved By Any Way Other Than Talaq?
Yes, in Pakistan, a marriage can be dissolved by means other than Talaq (divorce). The dissolution of a marriage is governed by different laws and procedures depending on the circumstances…
Can A Muslim Man in Pakistan Contract Another Marriage?
Yes, a Muslim Pakistani man can enter into another marriage provided he acquires permission in writing of the Arbitration Council, under Muslim Family Law Ordinance, without such permission marriage will…
Legal services related to Pakistan’s Power Sector
The power and energy sector in Pakistan is a critical component of the country’s infrastructure and economic development. At Josh and Mak International, we offer a wide range of legal…
Legal Advice on IT and Technology Law
In today’s digital age, the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in various sectors of the economy. At Josh and Mak International, we recognize the…
Legal Advice on Monopolies, Anti-Trust, Restraint of Trade, Government Control, and Competition Laws in Pakistan
At Josh and Mak International, we provide comprehensive legal advice on the Pakistani competition/antitrust legal-regulatory framework. Our expertise in this field assists clients in achieving their strategic objectives while ensuring…
Bytes for all v.s. Federation of Pakistan etc. W.P.No 958/2013 (case comment)
The case of Bytes for All v. Federation of Pakistan, W.P. No. 958/2013, represents a landmark judgment in the realm of digital rights and freedom of expression in Pakistan. This…
Can A Pakistani Marry A Foreigner?
There are no restrictions on marriage with a foreigner except for Government servants. Therefore yes, a Pakistani individual can marry a foreigner. The marriage between a Pakistani citizen and a…
Can A Foreign woman married to a Pakistani citizen acquire citizenship automatically?
In Pakistan, the process for acquiring citizenship is not automatic for foreign women married to Pakistani citizens. The Pakistani nationality law does provide provisions for foreign spouses of Pakistani citizens…
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Are Husband And Wife considered separate persons under Pakistani Law?
Firstly, the notion that a husband and wife are considered separate legal entities is a fundamental principle in many legal systems, including Pakistan. This concept allows spouses to enter into…
How can a Foreign Company set itself up and operate In Pakistan?
Under the Companies Act 2017, a foreign company can establish and operate in Pakistan by adhering to the provisions set out in Part XII of the Act. The steps involved…
Can A Company in Pakistan Alter Its Memorandum? How is this done?
Under the Companies Act, 2017 of Pakistan, a company can alter its memorandum. This process is governed by Section 32 of the Act, which outlines the specific steps and requirements…
Can an Affidavit Sworn Abroad Be Acceptable in Pakistan?
Can an Affidavit Sworn Abroad Be Acceptable in Pakistan? When addressing the admissibility and acceptability of affidavits sworn abroad in Pakistan, it is essential to navigate the complex interplay of…
Can a Husband be liable for an action in Breach of Trust by his Wife under Pakistan Law?
Under Pakistan law, a husband can potentially be held liable for an action in breach of trust committed by his wife, depending on the specific circumstances and the nature of…
Client Information Articles Legal Services @ Josh and Mak International Oil , Gas , Mining and Energy Law
What are the main taxes and levies applicable to the mining sector?
The mining sector in Pakistan is subject to various taxes and levies under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, and other applicable laws. The key taxes and levies applicable to the…
Which law governs Partnership arrangements in Pakistan?
Partnership arrangements in Pakistan are governed by the Partnership Act, 1932. This Act outlines the legal framework for the formation, conduct, and dissolution of partnerships. The Act includes detailed provisions…
Do I really need a Partnership Agreement in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, the need for a Partnership Agreement is primarily governed by the Partnership Act, 1932. While the law does not mandate a written partnership agreement for the formation of…
Can a company be a partner or a shareholder in another company or another registered partnership?
In Pakistan, it is indeed possible for a company to be a partner or a shareholder in another company or a registered partnership. The specific legal framework governing such arrangements…
Do I really need to file a copy of a Partnership Agreement with Competent Authority?
According to the Partnership Act, 1932 of Pakistan, while it is not mandatory for a partnership firm to be registered, there are significant legal and practical benefits to doing so.…
Can a Minor be a partner or director?
No, under the current legal framework in Pakistan, a minor cannot be a partner or director in a firm or company. The law does not permit individuals who are minors…
What are my rights and liabilities as a partner in a Legal (Corporate) Partnership in Pakistan?
As a partner in a legal (corporate) partnership under the Partnership Act, 1932, your rights and liabilities are outlined comprehensively. The Act governs the relations between partners, their conduct in…
Can I retire as a partner in a Partnership in Pakistan?
Retirement of a Partner in Pakistan: Legal Provisions and Procedure Under Pakistani law, the retirement of a partner from a partnership is governed by the Partnership Act, 1932. This Act…
When can a partnership be dissolved?
A partnership/firm may be dissolved with mutual consent of the Partners or by adjudication of all partners, or if the firm becomes insolvent. The Partnership Act, 1932, governs the dissolution…
Court Decisions on Pakistani Evacuee and Tenancy Laws
In case 1995 C L C 1823 the property in question was not treated as evacuee property under the West Pakistan (Administration of Evacuee Property) Act, 1957. The plaintiffs were…
Water, Power and Electricity decisions in Pakistan
The information provided in this bulletin is intended to inform but is not a substitute for specific legal or other professional advice where warranted by each situation’s facts and circumstances.…
Dispute Resolution in the UK Oil and Gas Industry
Dispute Resolution in the Oil and Gas Industry Update 2024: Since 2010, the landscape of dispute resolution in the UK oil and gas industry has evolved significantly, reflecting broader changes…
Changing Oil and Gas trends for 2013-2014
The year 2012 saw lower growth in the energy sectors of China, India, and Brazil, influenced by uncertainties surrounding the “fiscal cliff” in the U.S. and the Euro crisis. These…
Environmental Law: Technical Concepts
Q: What is the “polluter pays principle” in environmental law? A: The “polluter pays principle” is a concept where the polluting party is responsible for covering the costs of managing…
UK Energy Update: Reform of concurrent powers
The UK government has tabled reforms to UK competition law which could allow the removal of the “concurrent” powers of sector regulators to apply competition law. The proposed changes extend…
Top Oil Discoveries (2014-2024)
Update : Between 2014 and 2024, there have been several notable oil discoveries around the globe that have significantly impacted the energy sector. Here are some of the most prominent…
EU Commission concludes that the REACH Regulation has brought significant improvements
On 5 February 2013, the European Commission (the “Commission”) published its comprehensive general report on Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, commonly referred to as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of…
New Draft CCP Guidelines to prevent deceptive marketing practices
Pakistan Telecom Sector: Competition Commission of Pakistan’s Guidelines to Prevent Deceptive Marketing Practices As part of its ongoing efforts to shield consumers from anti-competitive behaviours and foster voluntary compliance with…
Legal Advice on Energy Laws in Pakistan
When it comes to energy laws in Pakistan, the landscape is intricate and multifaceted. At Josh and Mak International, we offer specialized legal advice on a wide range of legal…
Tax Alert (2013)
Tax Alert Update: Enhancements to the CREST System by FBR Since 2013, the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) has continued to enhance and refine the “Computerized Risk-Based Evaluation of Sales…
Salient features of Labour Laws in Pakistan (updated 2024)
Labour rights and regulations play a pivotal role in ensuring fair treatment, safety, and welfare of workers, as well as in fostering harmonious industrial relations. In Pakistan, these rights are…
Legal Advice on the Preparation, Advice and Review pertaining to Hiba (Gift) , Muslim & Non-Muslim Law of Wills and Succession
At Josh and Mak International, we understand the importance of proper estate planning and the complexities that can arise in matters of succession and gifts (Hiba) under Pakistani law. Our…
Legal Advice on Public and Private Trusts in Pakistan
Update 30th of May 2024: We have received a lot of queries from people in Pakistan and Abroad regarding registration of Private Trusts in Pakistan after the new regime of…
Intellectual Property Law Advice and Legal Services
Josh and Mak International is dedicated to providing specialized legal advice and services in the field of Intellectual Property Law in Pakistan. Our experienced team of intellectual property lawyers understands…
